Wuntho (), also known as Wying Hsö (), was a

Shan state Shan State (, ; , ) is a administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos (Louang Namtha Province, Louang Namtha and Bokeo Provinces) to the east, and Thailand (Chiang Rai Province, Chia ...

Upper Burma Upper Myanmar ( or , also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including ...

. It had an area of around with 150,000 inhabitants and lay midway between the

Ayeyarwady River The Irrawaddy River (, , Ayeyarwady) is the principal river of Myanmar, running through the centre of the country. Myanmar’s most important commercial waterway, it is about 1,350 miles (2,170 km) long. Originating from the confluence of the ...

and

Chindwin River The Chindwin River (), also known as the Ningthi River (), is a river in Myanmar and is the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River. Sources The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly , where the Tanai, ...

Name

The state was at first called Bein-hsö ('town of the tiger') in Shan. This was later changed into Wying Hsö ('city of the tiger'), which was rendered into Burmese as Wuntho (ဝန်းသို). The origin of the name is part of a wider legend which included the founding of the

Shan states The Shan States were a collection of minor Shan people, Shan kingdoms called ''mueang, möng'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' (''sawbwa''). In British rule in Burma, British Burma, they were analogous to the princely states of Britis ...

of Möng Mit, Möng Yang and Möng Kawng.Scott, J. G. (1900)
Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states. Part 2, Volume 3.
pp. 359-362

History

Although the local legends and histories of the state go back to ancient times,

James George Scott Sir James George Scott (pseudonym Shway Yoe, 25 December 1851 – 4 April 1935) was a Scottish journalist and colonial administrator who helped establish British colonial rule in Burma, and in addition introduced football to Burma. Life He wa ...

stated that Wuntho was likely never an independent Shan state, and that its history seemed more patriotic than accurate. In 1885 the British annexed

and established their rule in the region. Wuntho rebelled in 1891 but the British quelled the uprising.Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 399
/ref> As a consequence a force of 1,800 British soldiers under General

Sir ''Sir'' is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as part ...

George Wolseley occupied the town of Wuntho. In 1892 the state was formally annexed by the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

and incorporated into the District of Katha. It was classed by the Burmese as a

, but was never on the same footing as the Shan states to the east.

Rulers

The rulers of Wuntho bore the title ''

Saopha Saopha (), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India. Nam ...

'' Saophas: * 568–588 Hso Than Hpa the son of Hso Tue Hpa the ''saopha'' of Hsawng Hsup * 588–607 Hso Hkoe Hpa son * 607–623 Hso Waap Hpa son * 623–645 Hso Weeng Hpa son * 645–663 Hso Peng Hpa son * 663–684 Hso Karm Hpa son * 684–700 Hso Kawt Hpa son * 700–723 Hso Kert Hpa son * 723–753 Hso Kyané Hpa son * 753–769 Hso Ngoen Hpa son * 769–779 Hso Kyem Hpa son * 779–799 Hso Pik Hpa son * 799–806 Hso Lip Hpa son * 806–836 Hso Hkyeik Hpa son * 836–850 Hso Wei Hpa son * 850–867 Hso Kaa Hpa son * 867–885 Hso Hkeep Hpa son * 885–904 Hso Kyang Hpa son * 904–927 Hso Nguen Hpa son * 927–941 Hso Hki Hpa son * 941–955 Hso Hkong Hpa son * 955–967 Hso Pong Hpa son * 967–1000 Hso Kyeng Hpa son * 1000–1030 Hso Kyaw Hpa son * 1030–1075 Hso Haw Hpa son * 1075–1104 Hso Hkoong Hpa son * 1104–1128 Hso Houm Hpa son * 1128–1156 Hso Koong Hpa son * 1156–1197 Hso Nyue Hpa son * 1197–1221 Hso Yawn Hpa son * 1221–1247 Hso Yiab Hpa son * 1247–1274 Hso Yiam Hpa son * 1274–1302 Hso Ngan Hpa son * 1302–1337 Hso Hkam Hpa son * 1337–1368 Hso Ngam Möng Hpa younger brother * 1368–1382 Vacant * 1382–1391 Maung Kiao Hpa (Paung Hkè) nephew * 1391–1434 Sao Kyi Hpa son * 1434–1436 Sao Aung Nyo Hpa (Saw Nyi) younger brother * 1436–1438 Nawng Muen Hpa (Hso Hkaung Hpa) from Nawngmawn * 1438–1488 Hso Nyen Hpa son * 1488–1522 Hso Hsa Hpa son * 1522–1534 Vacant * 1534–1538 Hso Lung Hpa the ex-''saopha'' of Mongyang State * 1538–1573 Sao Inn Hkam Hpa son * 1573–1575 Hso Powt Hpa from

Kyawkku Hsiwan Kyawkku (also known as Kyawkku Hsiwan or Kyakku) was a Shan people, Shan state in the Myelat region of what is today Burma. Its capital was the village of Kyawkku (Myinkyado) which had 344 inhabitants in 1901. History Kyawkku was founded around 16 ...

(Kyaukku, Myinkyadu) * 1575–1599 Hso Yap Hpa son * 1599–1619 Hseng Hkam Hpa (Tein-nyin-sa Saing Hkan) son * 1619–1646 Aung Nyo Hpa (Thakin Kaw Nyo) son * 1646–1647 Chow Hnin Mein the Mahadewi of Aung Nyo Hpa * 1647–1671 Hkam Huea Hpa (Mong Sit Sa, Sit Naing) come from Mongsit * 1671–1697 Oo Kyaw Hpa (Kyem Möng U Kyaw) son * 1697–1698 Maung Kyin Baw (the Burmese peer) * 1698–1703 Maung Sunt (the Burmese peer) * 1703–1714 Nga Kyin Hpa (Kyaung Pyn Hpa) younger brother of Oo Kyaw Hpa (Kyem Möng U Kyaw) * 1714–1750 Myat Kaung (Mong Hkoum) son of Oo Kyaw Hpa (Kyem Möng U Kyaw) * 1750–1756 Vacant * 1756–1778 Aung Nyo younger brother * 1778–1796 Maung Tin son * 1796–1798 Maung Taw San the ex-''Pawng Möng'' of Mye-ne he married with Dewa Ukar the daughter of Hso Hom Hpa the ''saopha'' of

Kale Kale (), also called leaf cabbage, belongs to a group of cabbage (''Brassica oleracea'') cultivars primarily grown for their Leaf vegetable, edible leaves; it has also been used as an ornamental plant. Its multiple different cultivars vary quite ...

the Kale population immigrated to Wuntho and settled the villages name Myelin and Taung Kyat * 1798–1827 Maung Tha Ywe (Hso Hung Hpa) son after his death two sons name Möng Kaeo and Thwin Phyu they usurp the throne but the last the throne controlled by Maung Taw San step-son name Maung Shwe Tha (Sao Hla Hkam) * 1827–1833 Maung Shwe Tha (Sao Hla Hkam) 1st time the step-son of Maung Tha Ywe (Hso Hung Hpa) he moved to be the ''saopha'' of Mongkawng State during 1833–1852 * 1833–1849 Maung Shwe Hti (Hso Hom Hpa) the son of Maung Tha Ywe (Hso Hung Hpa) * 1849–1852 San Thit the son of Kyam Me Kyaung the peer of

Kawlin Kawlin (ကောလင်းမြို့) is a town in the Sagaing Division in Myanmar. (page 43 in part B of volume 1 in the pdf file) Since December 2018 it has been the administration headquarters for Kawlin District as well as Kawlin Town ...

* 1852–1878 Maung Shwe Tha (Sao Hla Hkam) 2nd time the step-son of Maung Tha Ywe (Hso Hung Hpa) * 1878–1878 Hso Hon Hpa son * 1878– 7 Feb 1891 Maung Aung Shwe Myat (Hso Saw Hpa) son – Last Saopha of Waing Hso (b. 1857 - d.1960) He led the Wuntho troop to fighting with the British in 1891 but surrendered, after that he escaped to Koshanpye in Santa 13 years and Mong La 19 year until Sir Sao Maung of Yawnghwe State persuaded him to come back to his motherland. After that he lived in Taunggyi and received a salary of 100 kyat per month and when Sao Yawt Hkam Serk was the president of Myanmar he received the salary 500 kyat per month

References

External links

Satellite map of Wuntho
''Maplandia''
The Wuntho Sawbwa's troops surrendering arms to the British authorities at Wuntho - photo

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

{{coord, 23, 53, N, 95, 40, E, region:SE-Asia_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki, display=title Former countries in Burmese history British Empire Shan States