Wu Bangguo
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Wu Bangguo (22 July 1941 – 8 October 2024) was a Chinese politician who served as the second-ranking member of the
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) an ...
from 2002 to 2012, and as
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the Speaker (politics), presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Cong ...
from 2003 to 2013. Wu was an electrical engineer by profession, and rose to political prominence during his work in Shanghai. During the early 1980s, he was in charge of science and technology related work in Shanghai, where he worked with
Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Mil ...
, then mayor and later
Party secretary In politics, a party secretary is a senior official within a political party with responsibility for the organizational and daily political work. In most parties, the party secretary is second in rank to the party leader (or party chairman). In s ...
of the city, leading Wu to be affiliated with Jiang's political faction. He became Shanghai's party secretary in 1991, succeeding
Zhu Rongji Zhu Rongji ( zh, s=朱镕基; IPA: ; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the 5th premier of China from 1998 to 2003. He also served as member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP ...
, leading him to assume a seat in the
CCP Politburo The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the executive committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Currently, the bureau is ...
in 1992. He became the country's third-ranking Vice Premier of the State Council in 1995, with a portfolio including state-owned enterprises and the construction of the
Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam (), officially known as Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project () is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downs ...
. He joined the Politburo Standing Committee in 2002, and was appointed the
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the Speaker (politics), presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Cong ...
in 2003. Serving as one of the highest-ranking officials under Party general secretary
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
, Wu is generally regarded to have taken more conservative positions towards political reforms during his tenure. During his efforts, the NPCSC passed numerous administrative, social and economic laws to form a "socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics". Notable laws passed during his tenure include the 2004 amendment to the Constitution, the Anti-Secession Law, the Oversight Law and the
Property Law Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual prope ...
. He stepped down from the Politburo Standing Committee in 2012, and was succeeded by
Zhang Dejiang Zhang Dejiang (; born 4 November 1946) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress between 2013 and 2018. He was also the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standin ...
as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2013.


Early life

Wu was born on 22 July 1941, in Pingba,
Guizhou ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_map = Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_alt = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , map_caption = Map s ...
, with ancestral roots in Feidong,
Anhui Anhui is an inland Provinces of China, province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiang ...
. His father Wu Zhongxing was a cartographer working on
map projection In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of Transformation (function) , transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional Surface (mathematics), surface of a globe on a Plane (mathematics), plane. In a map projection, ...
. He entered
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (THU) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Constructio ...
in 1960, majoring in electron tube engineering at the Department of Radio Electronics, where he graduated in 1967. He joined the
Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...
(CCP) in 1964. After graduation, he was employed as a worker and technician at Shanghai's No. 3 Electronic Tube Factory, and then deputy chief and chief of the technical section from 1976 to 1978. He would eventually go on to lead the factory as its party secretary. In 1978 he was assigned to become the deputy manager of Shanghai Electronic Elements Company, and between 1979 and 1981 the deputy manager of Shanghai Electron Tube Company. Between 1981 and 1983 he worked as the deputy secretary of Shanghai Meters, Instruments and Telecommunications Bureau.


Political career

Wu's work in electronics companies earned him a tenure in the city's upper echelons of power. He became part of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai party committee in 1983, effectively becoming part of Shanghai's political inner circle, and was put in charge of work related to science and technology. During this time, he worked with
Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Mil ...
, who was mayor and later the CCP secretary of the city. Between 1985 and 1991, Wu was elevated to CCP deputy secretary of Shanghai, and subsequently as CCP secretary of Shanghai, succeeding Jiang. During his tenure in Shanghai, he was seen as the official most responsible for developing the
Pudong New Area Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name ''Pudong'' was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic cit ...
. As Shanghai's political and economic stature grew due to economic reforms, Wu gained a seat on the
Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the executive committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Currently, the bureau i ...
, China's ruling council, in 1992. He was subsequently appointed the third-ranking vice premier in 1995 under premier
Li Peng Li Peng (; 20 October 1928 – 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician who served as the 4th premier of China from 1987 to 1998, and as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from ...
. During this period, he served in a portfolio dealing with industry and reforming state-owned enterprises, and also oversaw the
Three Gorges Dam The Three Gorges Dam (), officially known as Yangtze River Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project () is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downs ...
. He continued as vice premier under
Zhu Rongji Zhu Rongji ( zh, s=朱镕基; IPA: ; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the 5th premier of China from 1998 to 2003. He also served as member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP ...
, and served as the role until 2003.


Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

At the 16th Party Congress in November 2002, Wu entered the highest power elite in the country, ranking second in the
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) an ...
, only under General Secretary
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Comm ...
. In 2003, at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress, he was appointed as the
chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the Speaker (politics), presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Cong ...
, succeeding
Li Peng Li Peng (; 20 October 1928 – 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician who served as the 4th premier of China from 1987 to 1998, and as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from ...
. During his tenure, Wu was generally regarded as a member of the
Shanghai clique The Shanghai clique ( zh, s=上海帮, t=上海幫, p=Shànghǎi bāng), also referred to as the Shanghai gang, Jiang clique, or Jiang faction, refers to an informal group of Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) officials who rose to prominence under ...
and an associate of Jiang Zemin, generally taking a conservative approach towards reform. He was also described as having a low-key profile during his time in office. Wu oversaw efforts in "forming a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics". Under his leadership, the NPCSC passed the
Property Law Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual prope ...
(2007) and Tort Liability Law (2009), laying the groundwork for the
Civil Code A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property law, property, family law, family, and law of obligations, obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdiction ...
passed in 2020. Regarding administration, it passed the Administrative Licensing Law (2003) and the Administrative Compulsion Law (2011), as well as the Road Traffic Safety Law (2003), the Public Security Administration Punishments Law (2006) and the Food Safety Law (2009). Regarding social issues, it passed the Labor Contract Law (2007), Law on the Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputes (2007), and Social Insurance Law (2010), while regarding economics, it passed the Banking Supervision and Administration Law (2003), Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (2006), and Anti-Monopoly Law (2007). In March 2003, after the
Sun Zhigang incident The Sun Zhigang incident () refers to the 2003 death of the migrant worker Sun Zhigang in Guangzhou, as a result of physical abuse he suffered while being detained under China's custody and repatriation (C&R) system. The case received massive a ...
, where migrant worker in
Guangzhou Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...
died as a result of physical abuse he suffered while being detained under China's
custody and repatriation Custody and repatriation (C&R; ) was an administrative procedure, established in 1982 and abolished in 2003, by which the police in the People's Republic of China (usually cities) could detain people if they did not have a residence permit (huko ...
(C&R) system, there were public debates about whether to abolish the C&R system. On 4 June 2003, when forwarding some unspecified materials to Premier
Wen Jiabao Wen Jiabao ( zh, s=温家宝, p=Wēn Jiābǎo; born 15 September 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the 6th premier of China from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behin ...
, Wu included a note which said that "the “remedial” nature of &Rhas shifted into “coercive management” of migrant populations (primarily migrant workers). The expanded scope of detention, coupled with interests-driven motives and heavy-handed enforcement, has led to violations of migrants’ freedom and bodily integrity". He continued by saying that "while there are problems" with the C&R system, "the main problems lie in its enforcement", and recommended the State Council to "effectively correct the current issues in urban C&R efforts". At the end, the State Council abolished the C&R system outright. On 27 March, Wu became the head of a special task force to draft the amendment to the Chinese constitution, which was adopted by the NPC on 12 March 2004. The amendment incorporated the
Three Represents The Three Represents, officially the Theory of Three Represents, is a political doctrine that defines the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Chinese society. It legitimized the entry of private business owners and bourgeois elements i ...
to the constitution and declared lawful private property of citizens to be "inviolable". In December 2003, General Secretary Hu Jintao instructed the NPC to create a "special legislation on Taiwan". At an internal meeting of the NPCSC’s Party members Wu said that the legislature must expedite Taiwan legislation because " e possibility of major ‘Taiwan independence’ incidents during aiwan’s‘constitutional reform’ process cannot be ruled out." The law was ratified by the NPC on 14 March 2005. On April 6, 2004, the NPCSC issued a legislative interpretation of two provisions in Annexes I and II to the
Hong Kong Basic Law The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is a national law of China that serves as the organic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). With nine chapters, 160 article ...
which handled the procedures for changing the selection processes for the
Chief Executive A chief executive officer (CEO), also known as a chief executive or managing director, is the top-ranking corporate officer charged with the management of an organization, usually a company or a nonprofit organization. CEOs find roles in variou ...
and
Legislative Council A legislative council is the legislature, or one of the legislative chambers, of a nation, colony, or subnational division such as a province or state. It was commonly used to label unicameral or upper house legislative bodies in the Brit ...
, respectively, which stated that no electoral reform may be initiated in Hong Kong unless the Chief Executive first submits a report to the NPCSC on the need for reform and until the NPCSC decides it may proceed. Wu explained the decision by saying that the "central leadership believes that it is imperative to make clear that the authority to decide on the development of Hong Kong’s political system rests with the central leadership, and that the Legislative Council does not have the power to propose bills concerning the political system. To have the central leadership maintain firm control over the development of Hong Kong’s political system, we must ensure that, even when the situation in Hong Kong is at its worst, the central leadership can still steer the direction of Hong Kong’s political system". On 25 February 2005, the NPC launched its own website. In July 2005 the NPCSC released the third draft of the Property Law) on its website for public comment, the for the first time in its history it published a law for public comment; previously, it had only published few draft laws in newspapers, requiring citizens to submit feedback by mail. For the remainder of the 10th NPC, the Standing Committee. released three other draft laws for public comment and, to better inform the public, posted their official explanations. In December 2006, Li told NPCSC's Party members that Li Peng left him with two legislative "challenges"; the Oversight Law and the
Property Law Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual prope ...
. The Oversight Law was approved by the National People's Congress Standing Committee on 27 August 2006, four years after it was submitted for review and fifteen years after drafting first began. The Property Law was submitted in December 2002, and went through unprecedented eight rounds of review. After it was released for public comments in July 2005, it was accused of "departing from basic socialist principles" by granting equal protection to public and private property. After the seventh review, Wu spoke extensively in defense of the constitutionality of the bill at a meeting of NPCSC's Party members, including the provision affording equal protection to private property. The law approved by the NPC on 16 March 2007. During a speech about the Hong Kong Basic Law in the territory in June 2007, Wu warned that Hong Kong will only have as much authority as granted from Beijing, and that the Special Administrative Region's government is an executive-led model and should not blindly follow Western systems. He also stated that the Central Government supported Hong Kong's development of democracy, so long as it is within the boundaries of the Hong Kong Basic Law. Although the remarks were left open to interpretation, they generated significant controversy in Hong Kong, with pro-democracy politicians calling it a challenge on the autonomy of the territory. At the first session of the 11th National People's Congress, he was re-elected as Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee on 15 March 2008, becoming the first person to serve as the NPCSC Chair for more than two terms since
Zhu De Zhu De; (1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, military strategist, politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Zhu was born into poverty in 1886 in Sichuan. He was adopted by a wealthy uncle at ...
. In April 2008, Wu and other legislative leaders decided, as a general rule, to seek public comment on the first draft of each major bill going forward through online methods. In his capacity as NPCSC chair, Wu delivered an annual address each year at the National People's Congress sessions in March. These speeches have always noted that China will not adopt multiparty democracy, separation of powers, or a federal system. In 2011, Wu proposed the "five don'ts () by declaring that " have made a solemn declaration that we will not employ a system of multiple parties holding office in rotation, diversification of guiding ideology, separation of powers and bicameralism, federalism or privatization". On 24 January 2011, Wu told a seminar that, with 236 laws and many more administrative and local legislation, China had accomplished its goal of forming a "socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics" and that the NPC’s priorities would now shift to "improving" the system. On 25 February 2011, the NPCSC approved an amendment to the
criminal code A criminal code or penal code is a document that compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law. Typically a criminal code will contain offences that are recognised in the jurisdiction, penalties that might ...
, decreasing the number of capital crimes for the first time in PRC's history. It also criminalized drunk driving. On 16 July 2012, Wu attended the launch ceremony of Shenzhou 9 crewed spacecraft. On 28 December 2012, in one of Wu's final legislative acts, the NPCSC adopted the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection, which introduced important provisions for protecting citizens' "electronic personal information" and established a Internet real-name system. Wu retired from the CCP Politburo Standing Committee at the 18th Party Congress in November 2012, and was succeeded as NPCSC chairman by
Zhang Dejiang Zhang Dejiang (; born 4 November 1946) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress between 2013 and 2018. He was also the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standin ...
in March 2013. In his last speech as the NPCSC chair, he said that "we will absolutely not copy models in the Western political system".


Post-retirement

Similar to other retired top-ranking officials in China, Wu stopped making public appearances except to attend important events such as the National Day celebration. In March 2015, Wu was pictured visiting a rapeseed farm in Wuyuan,
Jiangxi province ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...
. Wu died at 4:36 am on 8 October 2024, at the age of 83. A farewell ceremony was held on 14 October;
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping, pronounced (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China), chairman of the Central Military Commission ...
,
Li Qiang Li Qiang (; born July 1959) is a Chinese politician who has been serving as the eighth and current premier of China since March 2023. He has been elevated to the second-ranking member on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist ...
,
Zhao Leji Zhao Leji (born 8 March 1958) is a Chinese politician who is the current chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the third-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In his ...
,
Wang Huning Wang Huning (; born 6 October 1955) is a Chinese politician who is one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He is currently the Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of the National C ...
,
Cai Qi Cai Qi ( zh, c=蔡奇, p=Cài Qí; born December 5, 1955) is a Chinese politician, who is the current first-ranked secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), fifth-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee ...
,
Ding Xuexiang Ding Xuexiang (born 13 September 1962) is a Chinese politician who is currently the first-ranked vice premier of China and the sixth-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Considered a close confidan ...
, Li Xi,
Han Zheng Han Zheng (; born April 1954) is a Chinese politician who since 2023 has served as the 11th Vice President of China, vice president of China. He previously served as the Vice Premier of China, first-ranking vice premier of China between 2018 and ...
and other leaders paid their final respects at the
Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery The Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery () is Beijing's main resting place for the highest-ranking revolutionary heroes, high-ranking government officials and, in recent years, individuals deemed of major importance due to their contributions to soc ...
, while Hu Jintao sent a wreath. His body was cremated on the same day. National flags were flown at half-mast at Chinese government buildings, diplomatic missions, and in Hong Kong and Macau.


References


External links


Wu Bangguo biography
at China Vitae (online database of Chinese officials) {{DEFAULTSORT:Wu, Bangguo 1941 births 2024 deaths Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Chinese electrical engineers Chinese Communist Party politicians from Guizhou Delegates to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party Delegates to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress Delegates to the 9th National People's Congress Delegates to the 10th National People's Congress Delegates to the 11th National People's Congress Members of the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the 16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the 17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party People's Republic of China politicians from Guizhou Political office-holders in Shanghai People from Anshun Tsinghua University alumni Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee