Worcester Reed Warner (May 16, 1846 – June 25, 1929) was an American mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, manager, astronomer, and philanthropist. With

Ambrose Swasey Ambrose Swasey (December 19, 1846 – June 15, 1937) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, manager, astronomer, and philanthropist. With Worcester R. Warner he co-founded the Warner & Swasey Company. Life and work Swasey ...

he cofounded the

Warner & Swasey Company The Warner & Swasey Company was an American manufacturer of machine tools, Measuring instrument, instruments, and special machinery. It operated as an independent business firm, based in Cleveland, from its founding in 1880 until its acquisiti ...

Biography

Life and career

Warner was born near

Cummington, Massachusetts Cummington is a New England town, town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 829 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 872 tabulated in 2010. It is part of the Springfield, Mas ...

.
p. 11
He met Swasey at the Exeter Machine Works. On the completion of their apprenticeship in 1870, both entered the employ of

Pratt & Whitney Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially ...

Hartford, Connecticut Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...

. In 1880 he co-founded a business to manufacture machines with

. The firm, Warner & Swasey, was initially located in

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

but soon moved to

Cleveland Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–U.S. maritime border and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania st ...

.
p. 19
Worcester Warner would design the 36-inch

refracting telescope A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens (optics), lens as its objective (optics), objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptrics, dioptric telescope). The refracting telescope d ...

installed at

Lick Observatory The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of California. It is on the summit of Mount Hamilton (California), Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, United States. The ...

in 1888. He later built telescopes that were used in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

and

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

Further activities

Warner was a charter member of the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is an American professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing edu ...

, and from 1897 to 1898 he served as the 16th president of ASME. (Ambrose Swasey would later serve as the 23rd ASME president.) In 1900 the firm was incorporated as

.
p. 27
Warner served as president and

chairman of the board The chair, also chairman, chairwoman, or chairperson, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a Board of directors, board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by ...

, but retired in 1911. Both Warner and Ambrose Swasey also became trustees of the

Case School of Applied Science The Case School of Engineering is the engineering school of Case Western Reserve University, a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. It traces its roots to the 1880 founding of the Case School of Applied Science. The school was endowed ...

. As both men had an interest in astronomy, they donated an entire observatory to the school. This became the Warner and Swasey Observatory. It was dedicated in 1920. Worcester Reed Warner Gravesite

The Warner Building on

Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) is a Private university, private research university in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1967 by a merger between Western Reserve University and the Case Institute of Technology. Case ...

houses the Worcester Reed Warner Laboratory, named after the former university trustee. The construction of this building was partly funded by Worcester Warner. The crater

Warner Warner can refer to: People * Warner (writer) * Warner (given name) * Warner (surname) Fictional characters * Yakko, Wakko, and Dot Warner, stars of the animated television series ''Animaniacs'' * Aaron Warner, a character in '' Shatter M ...

on the

Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...

is named after him.

Death

Warner died in

Eisenach Eisenach () is a Town#Germany, town in Thuringia, Germany with 42,000 inhabitants, west of Erfurt, southeast of Kassel and northeast of Frankfurt. It is the main urban centre of western Thuringia, and bordering northeastern Hesse, Hessian re ...

Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Weimar () was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia. The chief town and capital was Weimar. The Weimar branch was the most genealogically senior extant branch of the House of W ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

, and is buried in

Sleepy Hollow Cemetery Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York, is the cemetery, final resting place of numerous famous figures, including Washington Irving, whose 1820 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is set in the adjacent burying ground of the ...

Sleepy Hollow, New York Sleepy Hollow is a village in the town of Mount Pleasant, New York, Mount Pleasant in Westchester County, New York, Westchester County, New York (state), New York, United States. The village is located on the east bank of the Hudson River, about ...

Worcester Reed Warner Medal

The ''Worcester Reed Warner Medal'' is awarded by the ASME for "outstanding contribution to the permanent literature of engineering". It was established by bequest in 1930. Some of the recipients are: * 1933: Dexter S. Kimball * 1934:

Ralph Flanders Ralph Edward Flanders (September 28, 1880 – February 19, 1970) was an American mechanical engineer, industrialist and politician who served as a Republican Party (United States), Republican United States Senate, U.S. Senator from the U.S. state, ...

* 1935:

Stephen Timoshenko Stepan Prokopovich Timoshenko (, ; , ; – May 29, 1972), later known as Stephen Timoshenko, was a Ukrainian and later an American engineer and academician. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor an ...

* 1943:

Igor Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, (25 May 1889 – 26 October 1972) was a Russian-American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. His first success came with the Sikorsky S-2, the second aircraft of his design and construc ...

* 1945:

Joseph M. Juran Joseph Moses Juran (December 24, 1904 – February 28, 2008) was a Romanian-born American engineer, management consultant and author. He was an advocate for quality and quality management and wrote several books on the topics. He was the brother ...

* 1947: Arpad L. Nadai * 1949: Fred B. Seely * 1951:

Jacob Pieter Den Hartog Jacob Pieter Den Hartog (July 23, 1901 – March 17, 1989) was a Dutch-American mechanical engineer and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT. Biography J. P. Den Hartog was born in 1901 in Ambarawa, the Dutch East Indies. In 1916, his fam ...

* 1954:

Joseph Henry Keenan Joseph Henry Keenan (August 24, 1900 – July 17, 1977) was an American thermodynamicist and mechanical engineer noted for his work in the calculation of steam tables, research in jet-rocket propulsion, and his work in furthering the development ...

* 1956:

James Keith Louden James Keith Louden (March 4, 1905 — August 12, 1994) was an American industrial engineer, business executive, and management author. He served as the 4th president of the Society for Advancement of Management in the year 1941-1942, and was the r ...

''The Gazette and Daily from York,'' Pennsylvania. December 7, 1956. p. 15 * 1957:

William Prager William Prager, before 1940 Willy Prager (23 May 1903 – 17 March 1980), was a German-born American applied mathematician. In the field of mechanics he is well known for the Drucker–Prager yield criterion. Biography Willy Prager was born on 2 ...

* 1960: Lloyd H. Donnell * 1965: Ascher H. Shapiro * 1967: Nicholas J. Hoff * 1969: Hans W. Liepmann * 1970:

Wilhelm Flügge Gottfried Wilhelm Flügge (March 18, 1904 – March 19, 1990) was a German engineer, and Professor of Applied Mechanics at Stanford University.J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson.Gottfried Wilhelm Flügge" at ''history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk.'' School of M ...

* 1971: Stephen H. Crandall * 1975:

Philip G. Hodge, Jr. Philip Gibson Hodge Jr. (November 9, 1920 – November 11, 2014) was an American engineer who specialized in mechanics of elastic and plastic behavior of materials. His work resulted in significant advancements in plasticity theory including deve ...

* 1979: Darle W. Dudley * 1980: Olgierd Zienkiewicz * 1984:

Yuan-Cheng Fung Yuan-Cheng "Bert" Fung (September 15, 1919 – December 15, 2019) was a Chinese-American bioengineer and writer. He is regarded as a founding figure of bioengineering, tissue engineering, and the "Founder of Modern Biomechanics". Biography Fung ...

* 1985:

Richard H. Gallagher Richard H. Gallagher (November 17, 1927 – September 30, 1997) was an American civil and aerospace engineer, researcher and president of Clarkson University from 1988 to 1995. Early life and education Gallagher was born in Manhattan, New Yor ...

* 1990: J. Tinsley Oden * 1992: J. N. Reddy * 1997: Zdenek P. Bazant * 1998: Thomas J. R. Hughes * 1999: Yogesh Jaluria * 2007: Portonovo Ayyaswamy * 2016:

Isaac Elishakoff Isaac Elishakoff is an Israeli-American engineer who is Distinguished Research Professor in the Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Department in the Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida. He is an internationally recognized, authoritati ...

* 2017: Michael Paidoussis * 2018: Martin Ostoja-Starzewski * 2019: Arun Srinivasa * 2020:

Marco Amabili Marco Amabili is a Changjiang chair professor in the School of Engineering at Westlake University in Hangzhou, China. He is also an Emeritus Distinguished James McGill professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University, M ...

References

Bibliography

* . * . {{DEFAULTSORT:Warner, Worcester Reed 1846 births 1929 deaths People from Cummington, Massachusetts American mechanical engineers Machine tool builders Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers American astronomers Case Western Reserve University people Burials at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery