statistics Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a s ...

, Wombling is any of a number of techniques used for identifying zones of rapid change, typically in some quantity as it varies across some geographical or

Euclidean space Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space. Originally, in Euclid's ''Elements'', it was the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, but in modern mathematics there are ''Euclidean spaces ...

. It is named for statistician William H. Womble. The technique may be applied to

gene frequency In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

in a population of organisms, and to

evolution of language The origin of language, its relationship with human evolution, and its consequences have been subjects of study for centuries. Scholars wishing to study the origins of language draw inferences from evidence such as the fossil record, archaeolog ...

References

*William H. Womble 1951. "Differential Systematics". ''

Science Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

'' vol 114, No. 2961, p315–322. *Fitzpatrick M.C., Preisser E.L., Porter A., Elkinton J., Waller L.A., Carlin B.P. and Ellison A.E. (2010) "Ecological boundary detection using Bayesian areal wombling", ''

Ecology Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their Natural environment, environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community (ecology), community, ecosystem, and biosphere lev ...

'' 91:3448–3455 *Liang, S., Banerjee, S. an
Carlin, B.P.
(2009) "Bayesian Wombling for Spatial Point Processes", ''

Biometrics Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics and features. Biometric authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used t ...

'', 65 (11), 1243–1253 * Ma, H. an
Carlin, B.P.
(2007
"Bayesian Multivariate Areal Wombling for Multiple Disease Boundary Analysis"
''

Bayesian Analysis Thomas Bayes ( ; c. 1701 – 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher, and Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a historically Reformed Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elde ...

'', 2 (2), 281–302 * Banerjee, S. and Gelfand, A.E. (2006
"Bayesian Wombling: Curvilinear Gradient Assessment Under Spatial Process Models"
''

Journal of the American Statistical Association The ''Journal of the American Statistical Association'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the American Statistical Association. It covers work primarily focused on the application of statis ...

'', 101(476), 1487–1501. *Quick, H., Banerjee, S. an
Carlin, B.P.
(2015)
"Bayesian Modeling and Analysis for Gradients in Spatiotemporal Processes"

, 71, 575–584. *Quick, H., Banerjee, S. an
Carlin, B.P.
(2013)
"Modeling temporal gradients in regionally aggregated California asthma hospitalization data"
Annals of Applied Statistics, 7(1), 154–176. {{doi, 10.1214/12-AOAS600 *Halder, A., Banerjee, S. and Dey, D. K.
Bayesian modeling with spatial curvature processes
" ''

'' (2023): 1-13. ''Available Software:'
Git
Change detection Spatial analysis *Gao, L., Banerjee, S. and Ritz, B.
Spatial Difference Boundary Detection for Multiple Outcomes Using Bayesian Disease Mapping
" ''

Biostatistics (journal) ''Biostatistics'' is a Peer review, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biostatistics, that is, statistics for biological and medical research. The journals that had cited ''Biostatistics'' the most by 2008 were ''Biometrics (journal), Biom ...

'' (2023): 922–944.