Winter Deaflympics

The Deaflympics, also known as Deaflympiad (previously called World Games for the Deaf, and International Games for the Deaf) are a periodic series of multi-sport events sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at which deaf athletes compete at an elite level. Unlike the athletes in other IOC-sanctioned events (the Olympics, the Paralympics, and the Special Olympics), athletes cannot be guided by sounds (such as starting pistols, bullhorn commands or referee whistles).International Committee of Sports for the Deaf – News
. Deaflympics.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011. The games have been organized by the ''Comité International des Sports des Sourds'' (CISS, "The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf") since the first event in 1924.

History

The Deaflympics are held every four years, and are the longest running multi-sport event in history after the Olympics. The first games, held in Paris in 1924, were the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a disability.Future Directions of the Deaflympics
. Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011. The event has been held every four years since, apart from a break for World War II, and an additional event, the Deaflympic Winter Games, was added in 1949.Historical overview of the Paralympics, Special Olympics, and Deaflympics
. Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 17 October 2011. The games began as a small gathering of 148 athletes from nine European nations competing in the International Silent Games in Paris, France, in 1924; now, they have grown into a global movement.

Officially, the games were originally called the "International Games for the Deaf" from 1924 to 1965, but were sometimes also referred to as the "International Silent Games". From 1966 to 1999 they were called the "World Games for the Deaf", and occasionally referred to as the "World Silent Games". From 2001, the games have been known by their current name Deaflympics (often mistakenly called the Deaf Olympics).

To qualify for the games, athletes must have a hearing loss of at least 55 dB in their "better ear". Hearing aids, cochlear implants, and the like are not allowed to be used in competition, to place all athletes on the same level. Other examples of ways the games vary from hearing competitions are the manner in which they are officiated. To address the issue of Deaflympians not being able to be guided by sounds, certain sports use alternative methods of commencing the game. For example, the football referees wave a flag instead of blowing a whistle; on the track, races are started by using a light, instead of a starter pistol. It is also customary for spectators not to cheer or clap, but rather to wave with both hands, the Deaf form of applause.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) banned athletes from Russia and Belarus from that year's Deaflympics in Caxias do Sul, Brazil.

Host nations and cities

To date, the Summer Deaflympic Games have been hosted by 24 cities in 20 countries, but by cities outside Europe on only six occasions (Washington, D.C. 1965, Los Angeles 1985, Christchurch 1989, Melbourne 2005, Taipei 2009 and Caxias do Sul in 2022). The last summer games were held in Caxias do Sul, Brazil and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2022. The Winter Deaflympic Games have been hosted by 17 cities in 12 countries. The last winter games were held in Erzurum, Turkey in 2024. The next summer games are scheduled to be in Tokyo, Japan between 15 and 26 November 2025.

The 2011 Winter Games scheduled to be held in Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia were cancelled due to the lack of readiness by the organizing committee to host the games. The International Committee of Deaf Sports filed a criminal complaint against the Slovak Deaflympics Organizing Committee and its president, Mr. Jaromír Ruda.ICSD Pursuing Legal Action Following Failure of 17th Winter Deaflympics
. Deaf Sports Mag. Retrieved 17 October 2011. The criminal complaint demands reimbursement of the funds that were transferred to the Slovak Deaflympics Organizing Committee from national deaf sports federations, to cover hotel accommodations and other Deaflympics-related expenses. According to the Slovak newspaper, ''SME'', "Jaromír Ruda, head of the Slovak Organising Committee, sa champion of promises and someone who is accused of a 1.6 million Euro Deaflympics-related fraud". In a letter to the United States Deaflympians, International Committee of Sports for the Deaf ICSD President Craig Crowley expressed "his deep apologies for the cancellation of the 17th Winter Deaflympics". Currently, the Slovak Deaflympic Committee and the Slovakia Association of Deaf Sportsmen Unions have been suspended. In 2013 the Special Criminal Court in Banská Bystrica sentenced Ruda to a prison term of years for defrauding €1.6 million that should have been used for Winter Deaflympics.

The host cities and National Deaf Sports Associations for all past and scheduled games are as follows:

Unique aspects

The Deaflympics are unique in that athletes must have a hearing loss of at least 55 dB in their better ear to qualify. Hearing aids, cochlear implants, and similar devices are not allowed during competition to ensure a level playing field. Additionally, sports officiating methods are adapted; for example, football referees use flags instead of whistles, and track races are started with lights instead of pistols.

Recent developments

The upcoming 2025 Summer Deaflympics will be hosted in Tokyo, Japan, from November 15 to November 26, 2025. This will be the first time Japan hosts the Deaflympics.

Notable athletes

Terence Parkin: A South African swimmer, Terence Parkin is one of the most decorated Deaflympians, having won 33 medals in swimming events. He also competed in the 2000 Sydney Olympics, where he won a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke.

Reed Gershwind: An American swimmer, Reed Gershwind has won 30 medals in the Deaflympics, making him one of the most successful athletes in the history of the games.

List of Summer Deaflympics hosts

¹ The Republic of China (Taiwan) is recognised as Chinese Taipei by CISS and the majority of international organisations it participates in due to political considerations and Cross-Strait relations with the People's Republic of China.

² The marathon had been held 4 days before the opening ceremonies in Füssen, Germany on 21 July 2013.

³ Due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the Summer Deaflympics that were to be held in December 2021 were postponed until May 2022, and due to the small number of venues near Caxias do Sul and Brazil and a small number of participants, the bowling events were transferred to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and were held between 20 and 30 October 2022.

List of Winter Deaflympics hosts

All-time medal table

Summer Deaflympics

An all-time Summer Deaflympics from 1924 Summer Deaflympics to 2021 Summer Deaflympics, is tabulated below. The table is simply the consequence of the sum of the medal tables of the various editions of the Summer Deaflympics.

Winter Deaflympics

An all-time Winter Deaflympics from 1949 Winter Deaflympics to 2023 Winter Deaflympics, is tabulated below. The table is simply the consequence of the sum of the medal tables of the various editions of the Winter Deaflympics.

Combined

Sports

Summer Deaflympics

The following sports have been contested in a Summer Deaflympic Games programme:

Winter Deaflympics

The following sports have been contested in a Winter Deaflympic Games programme:

See also

*Disabled sports

References

External links

*

Comité International des Sports des Sourds
– official website

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Deaf sports competitions
Disabled multi-sport events
Recurring sporting events established in 1924