Wilhelm Jerusalem (; 11 October 1854, Dřenice – 15 July 1923,

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

) was an Austrian

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

and

pedagogue Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken ...

Biography

Jerusalem studied classical philosophy at the University of

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

and prepared a doctorate entitled "The Inscription of Sestos and Polybios". Until 1887 he was a teacher at grammar schools in Prague and Nikolsburg. In 1888, he became a member of the staff of teachers at the "k.k. Staatsgymnasium im VIII. Bezirk Wiens" ('' Bundesgymnasium Wien 8'', founded in 1701) in Vienna. In 1891 he was an outside lecturer at the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...

. One of his interests was education, and he demanded changes in the educational system of the

Austro-Hungarian monarchy Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...

. Another of his fields of interest was the education of

minorities The term "minority group" has different meanings, depending on the context. According to common usage, it can be defined simply as a group in society with the least number of individuals, or less than half of a population. Usually a minority g ...

. In 1890 he published a psychological study about the education of deafblind Laura Bridgman. Jerusalem is regarded as the discoverer of the literary talent of the deaf-blind writer

Helen Keller Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, disability rights advocate, political activist and lecturer. Born in West Tuscumbia, Alabama, she lost her sight and her hearing after a bout of illness when ...

who he corresponded with,Herbert Gantschacher ''Wilhelm Jerusalem – Helen Keller – Letters''. 2008; ARBOS-Edition, 2010-2012 although they never met personally. From scientific work about the deafblind he developed the Austrian direction of the philosophical method of

Pragmatism Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics� ...

. In 1907 he translated

William James William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist. The first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, he is considered to be one of the leading thinkers of the late 19th c ...

's "Pragmatism" into German. After World War I he became an associate professor of philosophy and educational theory at the University of Vienna, and in 1919 became one of the teachers of the "Schönbrunner Schule" ( Schönbrunn School), which came about after the Vice Mayor of Vienna

Max Winter Max Winter (June 29, 1903 – July 26, 1996) was a Minneapolis businessman and sport executive who helped found the Minnesota Vikings. Biography Winter was born in Ostrava, Austria-Hungary (modern day Czech Republic, Czechia). He emigrated wi ...

had obtained a considerable part of the Viennese

Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace (Austrian German, German: Schloss Schönbrunn ) was the main summer residence of the House of Habsburg, Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, the 13th district of Vienna. The name ''Schönbrunn'' (meaning "beautiful spring") ha ...

to be used for the advancement of the education of young women, and a small number of men, to become educators and teachers. In 1923, Jerusalem became a

full Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors ...

at the University of Vienna. He died of a heart attack on 15 July 1923, in Vienna. Among his students were the writer Stephan Hock, the politician

Karl Renner Karl Renner (14 December 1870 – 31 December 1950) was an Austrian politician and jurist of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. He is often referred to as the "Father of the Republics" because he ...

, the composer

Viktor Ullmann Viktor Ullmann (1 January 1898 – 18 October 1944) was a Silesia-born Austrian composer, conductor and pianist. Biography Viktor Ullmann was born on 1 January 1898 in Cieszyn (Teschen), which belonged then to Austrian Silesia in the Austro- ...

, the poet Anton Wildgans, the philosopher Vladimir Dvorniković and Otto Felix Kanitz.

Works

* ''Laura Bridgman, Erziehung einer Taubblinden'', Vienna 1890 * ''Die Urtheilsfunction'', Vienna-Leipzig 1895 * ''Kants Bedeutung für die Gegenwart'', Vienna-Leipzig 1904 * ''Wege und Ziele der Ästhetik'', Vienna 1906 * ''Der Pragmatismus'', Vorwort zur Übersetzung des Werkes von William James, Leipzig 1907 * ''Die Aufgaben des Lehrers an Höheren Schulen'', Vienna-Leipzig 1912 * ''Der Krieg im Lichte der Gesellschaftslehre'', Stuttgart 1915 * "Zu dem Menschen redet eben die Geschichte", in ''Friedenspflichten des Einzelnen'', Gotha 1917 * "''Moralische Richtlinien nach dem Kriege. Ein Beitrag zur soziologischen Ethik'', Vienna 1918 * ''Einleitung in die Philosophie'', siebte bis zehnte Auflage, Vienna 1919-1923 * "Meine Wege und Ziele", in: ''Die Philosophie der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellungen,'' vol. III, ed. Raymond Schmidt, Leipzig 1992 * ''Einführung in die Soziologie'', Vienna-Leipzig 1926

References

"Pragmatism" edited by Klaus Oehler, 1994 * Heinz Weiss "The Teachers of the 'Schönbrunner Kreis'" 2007 * Herbert Gantschacher ''VIKTOR ULLMANN WITNESS AND VICTIM OF THE APOCALYPSE - ZEUGE UND OPFER DER APOKALYPSE - Testimone e vittima dell'Apocalisse - Prič in žrtev apokalipse - Svědek a oběť apokalypsy'' - Complete original edition in English and German with summaries in Italian, Slovenian and Czech language, ARBOS-Edition, , Arnoldstein-Klagenfurt-Salzburg-Vienna-Prora-Prague 2015. * Herbert Gantschacher ''Viktor Ullmann - Svědek a oběť apokalypsy 1914–1944.'' Archiv hlavního města Prahy, 2015, .

External links

Philos Website
at www.philos-website.de (in German) * http://www.phil.muni.cz/fil/scf/komplet/jerusa.html phil.muni.cz] (in Czech)
Wilhelm Jerusalem
(''Wien Geschichte Wiki'', in Geman) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jerusalem, Wilhelm 1854 births 1923 deaths People from Chrudim District 19th-century Austrian philosophers Austrian Jews Czech Jews Philosophers of Judaism Burials at Döbling Cemetery 20th-century Austrian philosophers

Biography

Works

References

Further reading

External links