Wethersfield State Prison was the second state prison in the state of

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

. Used between 1827 and 1963, it was later demolished and the site turned into a park on the banks of the

Connecticut River The Connecticut River is the longest river in the New England region of the United States, flowing roughly southward for through four states. It rises 300 yards (270 m) south of the U.S. border with Quebec, Canada, and discharges into Long Isl ...

History

Connecticut opened the Wethersfield State Prison in September 1827 as a replacement for the decrepit

Old Newgate Prison Old New-Gate Prison is a former prison and mine site on New-Gate Road in East Granby, Connecticut. It is now operated by the state of Connecticut as the Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine Archaeological Preserve. Previously closed for restoratio ...

, which had begun as a copper mine. Although the prisoners had no longer been housed in the former mine galleries by that point, the above-ground facilities were inadequate for the state's need. 127 inmates were shackled together and marched the 20 miles from East Granby to Wethersfield.Marlene Clark
"A Prison Where 73 Inmates Were Executed"
''The Hartford Courant'' (Hartford, CT) 13 February 2008, accessed on 27 October 2013 The new prison was intended to be state of the art and was modeled after the

Auburn State Prison Auburn Correctional Facility is a state prison on State Street in Auburn, New York, United States. It was built on land that was once a Cayuga village. It is classified as a maximum security facility. History In 1816, assemblyman John H. Bea ...

in New York.Connecticut State Library, ''Wethersfield Prison Records'', Connecticut State Library, 1999, http://www.cslib.org/wethers.asp, accessed on 27 October 2013 Wethersfield State Prison not only followed the physical model of Auburn, but it also followed the harsh Auburn System of prisoner control until 1900.Christopher Hoffman
"Historical Exhibit Tells Tale Of Wethersfield Prison, And Its Inmates"
''The Hartford Courant'' (Hartford, CT) 19 July 2013, accessed on 27 October 2013 Prisoners were required to march in

lockstep In the United States, lockstep marching or simply lockstep is marching in a very close single file in such a way that the leg of each person in the file moves in the same way and at the same time as the corresponding leg of the person immediatel ...

, forbidden from all talking, and expected to work to support the prison. Until 1880, the cost of running the facility was met exclusively through prison labor.Connecticut Humanities, ''Wethersfield Prison Blues'', ConnecticutHistory.org, 2013, http://connecticuthistory.org/wethersfield-prison-blues/ accessed on 6 November 2013 Both male and female inmates worked: men as

blacksmith A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such ...

carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenter ...

s, coopers, and

tailor A tailor is a person who makes or alters clothing, particularly in men's clothing. The Oxford English Dictionary dates the term to the thirteenth century. History Although clothing construction goes back to prehistory, there is evidence of ...

s and women as

domestic worker A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly ...

s and cigar-makers. The prison was built on 44 acres at the edge of Wethersfield Cove and the grounds included the 1774 Solomon Welles House, used as the Warden's residence. Beginning as a single building, over the course of its 136-year history many more buildings and workshops were constructed until it became a "hodgepodge" of ill-matched structures within the surrounding walls. All

execution Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in ...

s carried out by the state of Connecticut between 1893 and 1960 took place at this prison. A separate "execution house" was the site of 55 judicial hangings and 18 executions by

electric chair The electric chair is a specialized device used for capital punishment through electrocution. The condemned is strapped to a custom wooden chair and electrocuted via electrodes attached to the head and leg. Alfred P. Southwick, a Buffalo, New Yo ...

.Erica Schmitt
"Escapes, executions in focus at tour of former prison"
''The New Britain Herald'' (New Britain, CT) 26 September 2013, accessed on 27 October 2013 Warden Jabez L. Woodbridge was granted for the automatic gallows used in the prison, also known as the

upright jerker The upright jerker was an execution method and device intermittently used in the United States during the 19th and early 20th century. Intended to replace hangings, the upright jerker did not see widespread use and was phased out in the 1930s. As ...

. The upright jerker was never very efficient at breaking the condemned's neck and was withdrawn from use by the 1930s. In 1960, nearly 400 prisoners staged a riot that required the assistance of 100 State Police troopers and a company of National Guard riflemen to quell."400 Convicts Stage Riot At State Prison; Police Hurl Tear Gas, Enter With Guns", ''The Hartford Courant'' (Hartford, CT) 7 January 1960, accessed on 5 November 2013 Tear gas and fire hoses from local fire departments were used against the prisoners, who were complaining of harsh conditions. In November 1963 the new

State Prison State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

in Somers was opened as a replacement for Wethersfield State Prison.Department of Correction, State of Connecticut, ''Osborn Correctional Institution'', Department of Correction, 2013, http://www.ct.gov/doc/cwp/view.asp?a=1499&q=265440, accessed on 6 November 2013 All prisoners from Wethersfield were transferred to Somers and two years later the old prison was demolished. The majority of the prison property was sold to the town of Wethersfield for $1.00 and is currently the site of Cove Park, while the remainder is the site of the headquarters of the Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles. The only visible remnant of the prison is a small marker for the former prison cemetery.

Prison records

Surviving records from the Wethersfield State Prison are maintained by the

Connecticut State Library The Connecticut State Library is the state library for the U.S. state of Connecticut and is also an executive branch agency of the state. It is located in Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut directly across the street from the Connecticu ...

. The Wethersfield prison was never a part of the Connecticut Department of Correction. Demolition of Wethersfield was completed by 1966, a year before the State Prison in Somers was transferred to the new Department of Correction.

Notable inmates

Amy Archer-Gilligan Amy Duggan "Sister" Archer-Gilligan (October 31, 1873 – April 23, 1962) was a nursing home proprietor and serial killer from Windsor, Connecticut. She murdered at least five people by poisoning them. One of her victims was her second husband, ...

: Nursing home owner and poisoner, inspiration for the play '' Arsenic and Old Lace'' *

Gerald Chapman Gerald Chapman (August 1887 – April 6, 1926), known as "The Count of Gramercy Park", "The Gentleman Bandit", and "Gentleman Gerald", was an American criminal who helped lead an early Prohibition-era gang from 1919 until the mid-1920s. His nickn ...

: The "Count of Gramercy Park,"

Prohibition Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic b ...

-era

gangster A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from ''Organized crime, mob'' and the suffix ''wikt:-ster, -st ...

and murderer *

Lydia Sherman Lydia Sherman (December 24, 1824 – May 16, 1878), née Danbury, also known as The Derby Poisoner, was an American serial killer. She poisoned eight children in her care (six of whom were her own) and her three husbands and was convicted of se ...

: Serial killer, the Derby Poisoner *

Joseph "Mad Dog" Taborsky The "Mad Dog killings" refer to a Spree killer, spree of robberies and murders committed by Joseph Louis Taborsky and his partner-in-crime, Arthur Culombe, throughout Connecticut between 1956 and 1957. Authorities and newspapers dubbed the killing ...

Spree killer A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are different opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States ...

, the last person executed via electric chair in Connecticut

References

{{State prisons in Connecticut Buildings and structures in Hartford County, Connecticut Capital punishment in Connecticut Defunct prisons in Connecticut Execution sites in the United States 1827 establishments in Connecticut 1963 disestablishments in Connecticut Demolished buildings and structures in Connecticut Buildings and structures completed in 1827 Buildings and structures demolished in 1965