Weinmannia Parviflora
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''Weinmannia'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of trees and shrubs in the family
Cunoniaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...
. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the
Mascarene Islands The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their na ...
(Mauritius and Réunion) in the western Indian Ocean.''Weinmannia'' L.
''
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
'', Kew Science. Accessed 14 April 2023.
It is absent from mainland Africa and Australia, but some fossils have been attributed to ''Weinmannia'' in Australia. Leaves are simple or pinnate, with a margin usually toothed, and interpetiolar stipules. Flowers are bisexual, white, arranged in racemes. The fruit is a capsule opening vertically from the top to the base. Seeds hairy without wings.


Species

90 species are currently accepted: * '' Weinmannia abstrusa'' – Honduras * '' Weinmannia anisophylla'' – Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras * '' Weinmannia apurimacensis'' – southeastern Peru * '' Weinmannia auriculata'' – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northwestern Venezuela ** var. ''bogotensis'' ** var. ''dryadifolia'' * ''
Weinmannia auriformis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia baccariniana ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Venezuela and Peru * ''
Weinmannia balbisiana ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – southeastern Mexico to Bolivia ** var. ''calothyrsa'' * ''
Weinmannia bangii ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru and Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia boliviensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia brachystachya ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru and southern Venezuela * ''
Weinmannia bradfordiana ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia burserifolia ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama * ''
Weinmannia chryseis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Colombia and Peru * ''
Weinmannia cinerea ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru * ''
Weinmannia cochensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Colombia and Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia cogolloi ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Colombia * ''
Weinmannia condorensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia corocoroensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Venezuela * ''
Weinmannia costulata ''Weinmannia costulata'' is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine clim ...
'' – southern Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia crassifolia ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru and Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia cundinamarcensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Colombia, Peru, and western Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia cymbifolia ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru * ''
Weinmannia davidsonii ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Bolivia * '' Weinmannia descendens'' – northern Peru * '' Weinmannia discolor'' – southeastern and southern Brazil * '' Weinmannia dzieduszyckii'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia elliptica'' – Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ** var. ''trichocarpa'' * '' Weinmannia fagaroides'' – Costa Rica to Bolivia ** var. ''trollii'' * '' Weinmannia geometrica'' – Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia glabra ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Mexico to Nicaragua; Ecuador and Peru * '' Weinmannia glomerata'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia guyanensis'' – Guyana and southeastern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia haenkeana'' – Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia * '' Weinmannia heterophylla'' – Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia * '' Weinmannia horrida'' – Costa Rica and Panama * '' Weinmannia humilis'' – southeastern and southern Brazil * ''
Weinmannia ibaguensis ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Colombia * '' Weinmannia ilutepuiensis'' – Venezuela * '' Weinmannia intermedia'' – southern Mexico and Honduras * '' Weinmannia jahnii'' – northwestern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia jelskii'' – Ecuador and Peru * '' Weinmannia karsteniana'' – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia kunthiana'' – Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and northwestern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia lansbergiana'' – Peru, northeastern Colombia, and Venezuela * '' Weinmannia latifolia'' – Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru * '' Weinmannia laurina'' – Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Peru * ''
Weinmannia laxiramea ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Guyana and southeastern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia lechleriana'' – Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela * '' Weinmannia lentiscifolia'' – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela * '' Weinmannia lopezana'' – Colombia * '' Weinmannia loxensis'' – Ecuador * '' Weinmannia lyrata'' – Bolivia * '' Weinmannia machupicchuensis'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia macrophylla'' – central Colombia and Ecuador * '' Weinmannia magnifolia'' – Colombia and Ecuador * '' Weinmannia mariquitae'' – Colombia and Ecuador * ''
Weinmannia mauritiana ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Mauritius and Réunion * '' Weinmannia microphylla'' – Venezuela, Peru, and Colombia ** var. ''tenuior'' * '' Weinmannia multijuga'' – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela * '' Weinmannia organensis'' – Peru and southeastern and southern Brazil * '' Weinmannia ovata'' – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela * ''
Weinmannia oxapampana ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia parvifoliolata'' – Colombia * ''
Weinmannia paulliniifolia ''Weinmannia'' is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. It contains 90 species, which range from Mexico through Central and South America including the Caribbean, and to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Réunion) in the weste ...
'' – southeastern and southern Brazil * '' Weinmannia pentaphylla'' – Peru * ''
Weinmannia pinnata ''Weinmannia pinnata'', commonly known as the bastard briziletto, is a species of tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies. It typically grows in wet habitats at high elevations, ...
'' – Caribbean, Central America, Andes, and Brazil * '' Weinmannia piurensis'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia polyphylla'' – Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia * '' Weinmannia portlandiana'' – Jamaica * '' Weinmannia pubescens'' – Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ** var. ''arcabucoana'' ** var. ''popayanensis'' * '' Weinmannia reticulata'' – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia * '' Weinmannia rhoifolia'' – Bolivia * '' Weinmannia rollottii'' – Andes of Colombia and Ecuador ** var. ''subvelutina'' * '' Weinmannia sorbifolia'' – Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ** var. ''caliana'' ** var. ''sclerophylla'' * '' Weinmannia spruceana'' – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela * '' Weinmannia stenocarpa'' – Ecuador * '' Weinmannia subsessiliflora'' – Colombia, Peru, and west-central Brazil ** var. ''caquetana'' * '' Weinmannia ternata'' – Peru * '' Weinmannia testudineata'' – northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela * '' Weinmannia tinctoria'' – Mascarene Islands * '' Weinmannia tolimensis'' – Colombia * ''
Weinmannia tomentosa ''Weinmannia tomentosa'', the encenillo, is a tree native of the highlands of the Andean region of Colombia, which belongs to the family Cunoniaceae. A synonym for ''Weinmannia tomentosa'' is ''Windmannia tomentosa''.Weinmannia trianae'' – Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia * ''
Weinmannia trichosperma ''Weinmannia trichosperma'', the ''tineo'', is an evergreen tree in the family of Cunoniaceae, it is native to Chile and Argentina: 35 to 47°S. endemic (ecology), endemic to laurel forest habitat. Description ''Weinmannia trichosperma'' grows ...
'' – Argentina and Chile * '' Weinmannia ulei'' – Northern Peru * '' Weinmannia vegasana'' – Colombia * '' Weinmannia velutina'' – Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil * '' Weinmannia vulcanicola'' – Costa Rica * '' Weinmannia wercklei'' – Costa Rica and Panama * '' Weinmannia yungasensis'' – Bolivia


Unplaced name In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...
s

*''
Weinmannia spiraeoides ''Weinmannia spiraeoides'' was a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It was endemic to Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about nor ...
''


Taxonomy

Until recently the genus included five sections: * ''Fasciculata'' (mostly Malesia, from Sumatra to Fiji) * ''Inspersa'' (Madagascar) * ''Leiospermum'' (mostly Pacific, from Bismarck archipelago to the Marquesas) * ''Spicata'' (Madagascar and Comores) * ''Weinmannia'' (Central and South America, Mascarenes) A
phylogenomic Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics. The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields ...
study by Pillon ''et al.'' (2021) concluded that ''Weinmannia'' was paraphyletic, and formed two distinct clades. The species belonging to the four
Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...
sections – ''Fasciculatae, Inspersae, Spicatae'', and ''Leiospermum'' – formed a monophyletic group, which is sister to the Old World (mostly
New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...
n) genera '' Cunonia'' and '' Pancheria''. Section ''Weinmannia'', which includes species from the Americas and the Mascarene Islands, is sister to the Old World assemblage. They proposed placing the four Old World sections into the revived genus '' Pterophylla'', with genus ''Weinmannia'' limited to the American and Mascarene species in section ''Weinmannia''.Pillon, Y., H. C. F. Hopkins, O. Maurin, N. Epitawalage, J. Bradford, Z. S. Rogers, W. J. Baker, and F. Forest. 2021. Phylogenomics and biogeography of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) with complete generic sampling and taxonomic realignments. ''
American Journal of Botany The ''American Journal of Botany'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of plant biology. It has been published by the Botanical Society of America since 1914. The journal has an impact factor of 3.038, as of 20 ...
'' 108(7): 1181–1200.


References


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1311498 Oxalidales genera Flora of the Neotropical realm Flora of the Mascarene Islands