Water Sprout on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Water sprouts or water shoots are shoots that arise from the trunk of a tree or from branches that are several years old, from
Water sprouts or water shoots are shoots that arise from the trunk of a tree or from branches that are several years old, from latent
Latency or latent may refer to:
Engineering
* Latency (engineering), a measure of the time delay experienced by a system
** Latency (audio), the delay between the moment an audio signal is triggered and the moment it is produced or received
** Mec ...
bud
In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or Plant embryogenesis, embryonic Shoot (botany), shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of a Plant stem, stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormancy, dormant conditi ...
s.Hartmann, H.T.; Kester, D.E. 1983. ''Plant propagation: Principles and practices''. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs. The latent buds might be visible on the bark of the tree, or submerged under the bark as epicormic buds. They are sometimes called suckers, although that term is more correctly applied to shoots that arise from below ground, from the roots, and a distance from the trunk.
Vigorous upright water sprouts often develop in response to various factors such as physical damage, heavy pruning (or pruning in general), sub-par environmental conditions (i.e. drought, overhydration, improper soil conditions), and in response to pest and/or disease.
The structure of water-sprout regrowth is not as strong as natural tree growth,C. A. Kaiser, M. L. Witt, J. R. Hartman, R. E. McNiel and W. C. Dunwell, 1988. Warning: Topping is hazardous to your tree's health. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', 12(2):50–52 and the shoots are more subject to diseases and pests. A system of principles of pruning considers this type of shoot undesirable on orchard trees because very little fruit is produced on them.
Species prone to water sprout growth
As water sprout growth can form on many different genera, there are species that are genetically predisposed to water sprout growth. Some of the most affected genera are as follows. Crab Apple (Malus), Oak (Quercus), Maple (Acer), and Dogwood (Cornus).Water sprouts for grafting
Young vigorous water sprouts can be used ingrafting
Grafting or graftage is a horticulture, horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together. The upper part of the combined plant is called the scion () while the lower part is called the roots ...
. Water sprouts are selected for this process due to their age and flexibility classifying them as a soft wood cutting ideal for the practice. This is especially prevalent in fruit tree production.
See also
*Adventitiousness
Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Thus, a living plant ...
, shoots that develop in unusual places
* Apical dominance
In botany, apical dominance is the phenomenon whereby the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over (i.e., grows more strongly than) other side stems; on a branch the main stem of the branch is further dominant over its own side twigs.
P ...
, dominance of the main central stem of a plant
* Basal shoot
Basal shoots, root sprouts, adventitious shoots, and suckers are words for various kinds of shoots that grow from adventitious buds on the base of a tree or shrub, or from adventitious buds on its roots. Shoots that grow from buds on the base of ...
s, also called suckers
* Coppicing
Coppicing is the traditional method in woodland management of cutting down a tree to a tree stump, stump, which in many species encourages new Shoot (botany), shoots to grow from the stump or roots, thus ultimately regrowing the tree. A forest ...
, a method of woodland management
* Epicormic shoot
An epicormic shoot is a Shoot (botany), shoot growing from an epicormic bud, which lies underneath the Bark (botany), bark of a Trunk (botany), trunk, plant stem, stem, or branch of a plant.
Epicormic buds lie Dormancy, dormant beneath the bark, ...
, shoots that develop from buds under the bark
* Pollarding
Pollarding is a pruning system involving the removal of the upper branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st century BCE. The practice h ...
, a pruning system in which the upper branches of a tree are removed, which encourages watersprouts
References
External links
* Horticulture Plant morphology {{plant-morphology-stub