Wailpi
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The Wailpi are an
indigenous people There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territ ...
of
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...
They are also known as the
Adnyamathanha The Adnyamathanha (Pronounced: ) are a contemporarily formed grouping of several distinct Aboriginal Australian peoples of the northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia. The ethnonym Adnyamathanha was an alternative name for the Wailpi but th ...
, which also refers to a larger group, though they speak a dialect of the
Adnyamathanha language The Adnyamathanha language (pronounced ), also known as yura ngarwala natively and Kuyani, also known as Guyani and other variants, are two closely related Australian Aboriginal languages. They are traditional languages of the Adnyamathanha of ...
.


Country

The Wailpi had, according to
Norman Tindale Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. He is best remembered for his work mapping the various tribal groupings of Aboriginal Australians ...
's figures, about of territory around Umberatana and Mount Serie, south as far as Parachilna Gorge only in the
Flinders Ranges The Flinders Ranges are the largest mountain ranges in South Australia, which starts about north of Adelaide. The ranges stretch for over from Port Pirie to Lake Callabonna. The Adnyamathanha people are the Aboriginal group who have inhab ...
. Their eastern extension ran above Wooltana. An early report by a police trooper in the area, Henry Quincy Smith, placed these "
hill people Hill people, also referred to as mountain people, is a general term for people who live in the hills and mountains. This includes all rugged land above and all land (including plateaus) above elevation. The climate is generally harsh, with s ...
" at Mount Freeiing, Umberatana, Angipena, Ameandana. Lollabollana, Illawortina, the Daly and Stanley Mine (Poondinna).


Social organization and customs

The Wailpi practised both circumcision and
subincision Penile subincision is a form of genital modification or mutilation consisting of a urethrotomy, in which the underside of the penis is incised and the urethra slit open lengthwise, from the urethral opening (meatus) toward the base. The slit can ...
.


Mythology

According to Henry Quincy Smith:
They believe that two old women called ''Yammutu'' live towards the east a long way (''paldrupa''), and that when rain comes they lie down on their backs with their legs open, and the water runs into their person and causes them to bear a lot of young blacks called ''Muree''; who, as they grow up, start westward, always throwing a small
waddy A waddy, nulla-nulla, leangle or boondi is an Aboriginal Australian hardwood club or hunting stick for use as a weapon or as a throwing stick for hunting animals. ''Waddy'' comes from the Darug people of Port Jackson, Sydney.Peters, Pam, ''Th ...
, called ''weetchu'', before them, till one of them meets a blackfellow with hi
lubra
The Muree, being invisible, then walks in the blackfellow' s tracks to make him or her look like the blackfellow, and then throws the small waddy under the thumb-nail or great toe-nail, and so enters into the woman's body. She is soon pregnant, and in due time gives birth to an ordinary child.'


Alternative names

* ''Anjamutina, Andyamatana'' * ''Anjimatana'' (
Kuyani The Kuyani people, also written Guyani and other variants, and also known as the Nganitjidi, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of South Australia who speak the Kuyani language. Their traditional lands are to the west of the Flinder ...
exonym = 'hill people') * ''Anyamatana, Adnjamatana, Adnjamadana, Adjnjamatana, Adyamatana'' * ''Archualda'' * ''Atjualda'' (mishearing of preceding) * ''Benbakanjamata'' (
Kuyani The Kuyani people, also written Guyani and other variants, and also known as the Nganitjidi, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of South Australia who speak the Kuyani language. Their traditional lands are to the west of the Flinder ...
exonym meaning 'Pine Hills people') * ''Binbarnja'' (
Wadikali Yarli (Yardli) was a dialect cluster of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northwestern New South Wales and into Northeastern South Australia individually Malyangapa (Maljangapa), Yardliyawara, and Wadikali (Wardikali, Wadigali). Bo ...
exonym An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate them ...
from ''binba'' =
Callitris ''Callitris'' is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). There are 16 recognized species in the genus, of which 13 are native to Australia and the other three (''C. neocaledonica, C. sulcata'' and ''C. p ...
) * ''Gadjnjamadja'' * ''Kanjamata, Kanjimata'' ( Wongkanguru exonym) * ''Keidnamutha'' * ''Keydnjamarda'' * ''Kudnamietha'' (eastern tribal exonym, ''kudna'' = feces, i.e. shit-eaters) * ''Kutchnamootha'' * ''Mardala'' (
Diyari The Diyari (), alternatively transcribed as Dieri (), is an Indigenous Australian group of the South Australian desert originating in and around the delta of Cooper Creek to the east of Lake Eyre. Language Diyari is classified as one of the ...
exonym from Wailpi ''ma:dəla'', meaning 'no') * ''Mardula'' * ''Ngatjuwalda'' ('our speech', language name) * ''Nimalda'' * ''Nimbalda, Nimbaldi'' (misprint) * ''Nuralda'' * ''Umbertana'' (error for Umberatana, a
toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for ...
) * ''Unyamatana, Unyamootha'' * ''Wadla'' ('Scrub wallabies', Diyari pejorative exonym) * ''Wailbi'' (in
Barngarla The Barngarla, (historically also spelled as Parnkalla or Pangkala), are an Indigenous people of South Australia and the traditional owners of much of Eyre Peninsula. Their language, Barngarla is a Yura language and part of a revival effo ...
, this word means 'south west') * ''Wajalpi'' * ''Wipie''


Notes


Citations


Sources

* * * * * * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of South Australia