WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 3
(WISP3, also named CCN6) is a
matricellular protein A matricellular protein is a dynamically expressed non-structural protein that is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Rather than serving as stable structural elements in the ECM, these proteins are rapidly turned over and have regulatory rol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''WISP3''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Structure
It is a member of the CCN family (
CCN intercellular signaling protein CCN proteins are a family of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins involved in Cell signaling, intercellular signaling. Due to their dynamic role within the ECM they are considered matricellular proteins.
Background
The acronym CCN is deri ...
) of secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling matricellular proteins. The CCN acronym is derived from the first three members of the family identified, namely
CYR61
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or CCN family member 1 (CCN1), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CYR61'' gene.
CYR61 is a secreted, extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated signaling protein of the CCN family ...
(cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, or CCN1),
CTGF
CTGF, also known as CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor, is a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins (see also CCN intercellular signaling protein). CTGF has important roles in man ...
(connective tissue growth factor, or CCN2), and
NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed, or CCN3). These proteins, together with
WISP1 (CCN4), and
WISP2
WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2, or WISP-2 (also named CCN5) is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the ''WISP2'' gene.
Function
The CCN family of proteins regulates diverse cellular functions, including cell adhes ...
(CCN5) comprise the six-member CCN family in vertebrates. CCN proteins characteristically contain an N-terminal secretory signal peptide followed by four structurally distinct domains with homologies to insulin-like growth factor binding protein (
IGFBP
The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) serves as a transport protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
Function
Approximately 98% of IGF-1 is always bound to one of six binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-3, the most abund ...
), von Willebrand type C repeats (
vWC), thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR), and a
cysteine knot motif within the C-terminal (CT) domain.
Function
The CCN family of proteins regulates diverse cellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation.
Clinical significance
Mutations in the human WISP3 gene are associated with
progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia, a juvenile onset autosomal recessive skeletal disorder, indicating that the gene is essential for normal postnatal skeletal growth and cartilage homeostasis.
However, mice with WISP3 knockout or overexpression are normal and suffer no apparent developmental defect.
Loss of WISP3 expression is associated with aggressive inflammatory breast cancer and breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis, suggesting that WISP3/CCN6 may function as a suppressor of breast cancer growth and metastasis.
References
CCN proteins
{{gene-6-stub