The World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP) is a
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
initiative promoting
earthen architecture
An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil. Since soil is a widely available material, it has been used in construction since prehistory. It may be combined with other materials, compressed and/or baked to add ...
founded in 2007 and running till 2017.
Sites
At the programme's conclusion in 2017, the 150
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...
s in its ambit were the following:
*
Alhambra
The Alhambra (, ; ) is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Spain. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic Muslim world, Islamic world. Additionally, the ...
,
Generalife
The Generalife (; ) was a summer palace and country estate of the Nasrid rulers of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus. It is located directly east of and uphill from the Alhambra palace complex in Granada, Spain.
Etymology
The most commonly c ...
and
Albayzín, Granada
*
Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata
*
Ancient City of Damascus
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient h ...
*
Ancient City of Ping Yao
*
Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis
*
Angkor
Angkor ( , 'capital city'), also known as Yasodharapura (; ),Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen. 1977. ''Cambodian-English Dictionary''. Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages. The Catholic Uni ...
*
Antigua Guatemala
Antigua Guatemala (), commonly known as Antigua or La Antigua, is a city in the Guatemalan Highlands, central highlands of Guatemala. The city was the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala from 1543 through 1773, with much of its Baroque- ...
*
Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro
*
Archaeological Site of Carthage
*
Archaeological Site of Volubilis
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Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes
*
Asante Traditional Buildings
*
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)
*
At-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah
*
Bahla Fort
*
Bam and its Cultural Landscape
* Biblical Tels -
Megiddo Megiddo may refer to:
Places and sites in Israel
* Tel Megiddo, site of an ancient city in Israel's Jezreel valley
* Megiddo Airport, a domestic airport in Israel
* Megiddo church (Israel)
* Megiddo, Israel, a kibbutz in Israel
* Megiddo Juncti ...
,
Hazor,
Beer Sheba
*
Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area
*
Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site
Cahokia Mounds ( 11 MS 2) is the site of a Native American city (which existed 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from present-day St. Louis. The state archaeology park lies in south-western Illinois between East St. L ...
*
Canal du Midi
The Canal du Midi (; ) is a long canal in Southern France (). Originally named the ''Canal Royal en Languedoc'' (Royal Canal in Languedoc) and renamed by French revolutionaries to ''Canal du Midi'' in 1789, the canal is considered one of the g ...
*
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom
*
Cathedral
A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...
,
Alcázar
An ''alcázar'', from Arabic ''al-Qasr'', is a type of Islamic castle or palace in Spain built during Al-Andalus, Muslim rule between the 8th and 15th centuries. They functioned as homes and regional capitals for governmental figures throughout ...
and
Archivo de Indias in Seville
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Chaco Culture
*
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone
*
Changdeokgung Palace Complex
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Churches and Convents of Goa
*
City of Cuzco
*
City of Potosí
*
City of Quito
*
City of Safranbolu
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Classical Gardens of Suzhou
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Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons)
*
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia
The Coffee Axis () is a geographic, cultural, economic and ecological region of Colombia, located in the departments of Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío, as well as the regions of northwestern Tolima, northern and eastern Valle del Cauca and southw ...
*
Complex of Koguryo Tombs
*
Coro and its Port Founded in 1527 and located in the northwestern Falcón state of Venezuela, the city of Coro and its Port, La Vela de Coro in the Caribbean Sea, was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1993, the first for its country.
History
...
*
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley
* Cultural Sites of
Al Ain
Al Ain () is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is Oman–United Arab Emirates border, bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al A ...
(
Hafit,
Hili,
Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas)
*
Fortifications of Vauban
*
Frontiers of the Roman Empire
*
Fujian
*
Gyeongju Historic Areas
*
Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks
*
Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town
*
Hatra
Hatra (; (); ) was an ancient Arab city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. The ruins of the city lie northwest of Baghdad and southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeologi ...
*
Himeji-jo
*
Historic Centre of Bukhara
*
Historic Centre of Camagüey
*
Historic Centre of Cordoba
*
Historic Centre of Évora
*
Historic Centre of Guimarães
*
Historic Centre of Lima
The Historic Centre of Lima () is the historic city centre of the city of Lima, the capital of Peru. Located in the city's districts of Lima and Rímac, both in the Rímac Valley, it consists of two areas: the first is the Monumental Zone est ...
*
Historic Centre of Morelia
* Historic Centre of
Oaxaca
Oaxaca, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca, is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of the Mexico, United Mexican States. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 munici ...
and Archaeological Site of
Monte Albán
Monte Albán is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Municipality in the southern Mexico, Mexican state of Oaxaca (17.043° N, 96.767°W). The site is located on a low mountainous range rising above the plain i ...
* Historic Centre of
Porto
Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...
,
Luiz I Bridge and
Monastery of Serra do Pilar
The Monastery of Serra do Pilar is a former monastery located in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, on the opposite side of the Douro River from Porto. The monastery is situated on an outcrop overlooking the Dom Luís I Bridge and the historic centre ...
*
Historic Centre of Puebla
*
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia
*
Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categ ...
*
Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox
*
Historic Centre of São Luís
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categ ...
*
Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz
*
Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina
*
Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás
*
Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda
*
Historic Centre of Zacatecas
*
Historic City of Meknes
*
Historic City of Sucre
*
Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa
*
*
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site consisting of eight places in the old capital Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest. The pr ...
*
Historic Monuments Zone of Querétaro
*
Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento
*
Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso
*
Historic Site of Lyon
*
Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines
*
Historic Town of Ouro Preto
*
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns
The Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which consists of Sukhothai historical park, Kamphaeng Phet historical park and Si Satchanalai historical park. These historical parks preserve the remain ...
*
Historic Town of Zabid
* Historic Villages of Korea:
Hahoe
The Hahoe Folk Village () is a traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty, located in Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The 'Ha' is short for river and 'hoe' means to 'turn around, return, come back.
The village is a valuable part ...
and
Yangdong
*
Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama
*
Island of Mozambique
The Island of Mozambique () lies off northern Mozambique, between the Mozambique Channel and Mossuril Bay, and is part of Nampula Province. Prior to 1898, it was the capital of colonial Portuguese East Africa.
With its rich history and sandy b ...
*
Itchan Kala
Itchan Kala () is the walled inner town of the city of Khiva, Uzbekistan. Since 1990, it has been protected as a World Heritage Site.
The old town retains more than 50 historic monuments and 250 old houses, dating primarily from the eighteenth or ...
*
Itsukushima Shinto Shrine
*
Jongmyo (Seoul)
Jongmyo () is a Confucian royal ancestral shrine in the Jongno District of Seoul, South Korea. It was originally built during the Joseon period (1392–1897) for memorial services for deceased kings and queens. According to UNESCO, the shrine is ...
*
Joya de Cerén Archaeological Site Joya may refer to:
* ''Joyà'', a Cirque du Soleil show in Riviera Maya, Mexico
* ''Joya'' (album), a 1997 album by Will Oldham
* Joya (drink), a Mexican fruit soda brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company
* Joya (singer), a R&B singer
* Joya, India, ...
*
Kasbah of Algiers
*
Kathmandu Valley
The Kathmandu Valley (), also known as the Nepal Valley or Nepa Valley (, Newar language, Nepal Bhasa: 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑑅 𑐐𑐵𑑅, नेपाः गाः), National Capital Area, is a bowl-shaped valley located in the Himalayas, Hima ...
*
Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba
*
Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou
*
Kunya-Urgench
*
León Cathedral
Santa María de Regla de León Cathedral is a Catholic church, the episcopal see of the diocese of León in the city of León, Castile and León, north-western Spain, consecrated under the name of the Virgin Mary. It was the first monument d ...
*
M'Zab Valley
The M'zab, or Mzab ( Mozabite: ''Aghlan'', ), is a natural region of the northern Sahara Desert in Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. It is located south of Algiers and has approximately 360,000 inhabitants (2005 estimate).
Geology
The M'zab is a ...
*
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang () is a tomb complex constructed for Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Chinese Qin dynasty. It is located in modern-day Lintong District in Xi'an, Shaanxi. It was constructed over 38 years from 246 to 208 ...
*
Medina of Fez
Fes el Bali () is the oldest part of Fez, Morocco. It is one of the three main districts of Fez, along with Fes Jdid and the French-created ''Ville Nouvelle (New City'). Together with Fes Jdid, it forms the medina (historic quarter) of Fez, signif ...
*
Medina of Marrakesh
*
Medina of Sousse
The Medina of Sousse is a Medina quarter in Sousse, Sousse Governorate, Governorate of Sousse, Tunisia. Designated by the UNESCO a World Heritage Site in 1988, it is a typical example of the architecture of the early centuries of Islam in Maghreb.
...
*
Medina of Tunis
The Medina of Tunis is the medina quarter of Tunis, the capital of Tunisia. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.
The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasas and fountains dating from ...
*
Meidan Emam, Esfahan
*
*
Mesa Verde National Park
Mesa Verde National Park is a national park of the United States and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado, and the only World Heritage Site in Colorado. The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloa ...
*
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam
*
Mogao Caves
The Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes or Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, form a system of 500 temples southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu p ...
*
Mount Wutai
Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China. Its central area is surrounded by a cluster of flat-topped peaks or mesas roughly correspondin ...
*
National Archeological Park of Tierradentro
*
Old City of Sana'a
*
Old Havana and its Fortification System
*
Old Town of Cáceres
Old Town of Cáceres is a historic walled city in Cáceres, Spain, Cáceres, Spain.
Cáceres was declared a World Heritage Site, World Heritage City by UNESCO in 1986 because of the city's blend of Roman architecture, Roman, Islamic architecture ...
*
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
Galle (, ; , ) (formerly ) is a major city on the southwestern tip of Sri Lanka, south of Colombo. Galle is the provincial capital and largest city of Southern Province, Sri Lanka and is the capital of Galle District.
Galle was known as ''Gim ...
*
Old Town of Ghadamès
The Old town of Ghadames () is the old city of the modern city of Ghadames, Libya and one of Libya's major desert cities. Called the "''Jewel of the Desert''" the site is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986
The year 1986 ...
*
Old Town of Lijiang
Dayan (), commonly called the Old Town of Lijiang () is the historical center of Lijiang City, in Yunnan, China. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
History
The town has a history going back more than 1,000 years and was once a confluence for ...
*
Old Towns of Djenné
The Old Towns of Djenné (, ) is an archaeological and urban ensemble located in the city of Djenné, in Mali. It comprises four archaeological sites, namely Djenné-Djeno, Hambarkétolo, Kaniana, and Tonomba. In 1988, it was inscribed by the U ...
*
Old Walled City of Shibam
Shibam (), officially the Old Walled City of Shibam (), is a town in Wadi Hadhramaut in eastern Yemen with about 7,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Shibam District in the Hadhramaut Governorate. It is known for its mudbrick-made high-ris ...
*
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
Osun-Osogbo is a sacred grove along the banks of the Osun river just outside the city of Osogbo, Osun State of Nigeria.
The Osun-Osogbo Grove is several centuries old and is among the last of the sacred forests that once adjoined the edges of mos ...
*
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
*
Persepolis
Persepolis (; ; ) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire (). It is situated in the plains of Marvdasht, encircled by the southern Zagros mountains, Fars province of Iran. It is one of the key Iranian cultural heritage sites and ...
*
Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena
*
Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan
* Protective town of
San Miguel San Miguel, Spanish for Saint Michael, may refer to:
Places
Argentina
*San Miguel Partido
*San Miguel, Buenos Aires
* San Miguel, Catamarca
* San Miguel, Corrientes
* San Miguel, La Rioja
*San Miguel Arcángel, a Volga German colony in Adolfo Al ...
and the
Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco
The Sanctuary of Atotonilco ( ) is a church complex and part of a World Heritage Site, designated along with nearby San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico. The complex was built in the 18th century by Father Luis Felipe Neri de Alfaro, who, acc ...
*
Proto-urban Site of Sarazm
*
Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
*
Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis
*
Qal’at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbour and Capital of Dilmun
The Qal'at al-Bahrain (; ), also known as the Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, is an archaeological site located in Bahrain. Archaeological excavations carried out since 1954 have unearthed antiquities from an artificial mound of height contain ...
*
Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela
The eleven Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela are monolithic churches located in the western Ethiopian Highlands near the town of Lalibela, named after the late-12th and early-13th century King Gebre Meskel Lalibela of the Zagwe dynasty, who commiss ...
*
Royal Hill of Ambohimanga
*
Royal Palaces of Abomey
The Royal Palaces of Abomey are 12 palaces spread over an area of at the heart of the Abomey town in Benin, formerly the capital of the West African Kingdom of Dahomey. The Kingdom was founded in 1625 by the Fon people who developed it into a po ...
*
Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
*
Ruins of León Viejo
*
Ruins of Loropéni
The ruins of Loropéni () are a medieval heritage site near the town of Loropéni in southern Burkina Faso. They were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2009. These ruins were the country's first World Heritage site. The site, which spans , ...
*
Sacred City of Caral-Supe
*
Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures
Samarkand ( ; Uzbek language, Uzbek and Tajik language, Tajik: Самарқанд / Samarqand, ) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central As ...
*
Samarra Archaeological City
*
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas
The Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos () is an 18th-century Roman Catholic basilica in Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was designed in the Baroque style with an Italian-inspired Rococo interior. The basilica is noted for its grand outdoor ...
*
Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple
Seokguram () is a hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex in Gyeongju, South Korea. It and Bulguksa are both on the mountain Tohamsan, although the two are separated by distance of around . The grotto overlooks the East Sea and rests ...
*
Shrines and Temples of Nikko
*
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
The Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System () is a complex irrigation system of the island city Shushtar from the Sasanian era. It consists of 13 dams, bridges, canals and structures which work together as a hydraulic system.
Located in Iran's ...
*
Soltaniyeh
Soltaniyeh () is a city in the Central District (Soltaniyeh County), Central District of Soltaniyeh County, Zanjan province, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
History
Soltaniyeh, located some ...
*
State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv"
*
Sukur Cultural Landscape
Sukur or Sukur Cultural Landscape is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on a hill above the village of Sukur in the Adamawa State of Nigeria. It is situated in the Mandara Mountains, close to the border with Cameroon. Its UNESCO inscription is ...
*
Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex
*
Takht-e Soleyman
*
Taos Pueblo
Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos language, Taos-speaking (Tiwa languages, Tiwa) Native American tribe of Puebloan peoples, Puebloan people. It lies about north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. T ...
*
Tchogha Zanbil
*
The Great Wall
*
The Persian Garden
*
Timbuktu
Timbuktu ( ; ; Koyra Chiini: ; ) is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River. It is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali, having a population of 32,460 in the 2018 census.
...
*
Tomb of Askia
The Tomb of Askia, in Gao, Mali, is believed to be the burial place of Askia Mohammad I, one of the Songhai Empire's most prolific emperors. It was built at the end of the fifteenth century and is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
UNE ...
*
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
*
Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios
*
Viñales Valley
Viñales Valley () is a karstic depression in Cuba. The valley has an area of and is located in the Sierra de los Órganos mountains (part of Guaniguanico range), just north of Viñales in the Pinar del Río Province.
In 1999, the valley ...
*
Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower
*
Yin Xu
References
{{reflist
UNESCO