VyoshenskayaAlso tranliterated Veshenskaya. ( rus, Вёшенская, p=ˈvʲɵʂɨnskəjə), colloquially known as Vyoshki (), is a

rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically describ ...

(a ''

stanitsa A stanitsa or stanitza ( ; ), also spelled stanycia ( ) or stanica ( ), was a historical administrative unit of a Cossack host, a type of Cossack polity that existed in the Russian Empire. Etymology The Russian word is the diminutive of the word ...

'') and the

administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...

of Sholokhovsky District of

Rostov Oblast Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblastʹ, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, located in the northern reaches of the

Don River The Don () is the fifth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Central Russia to the Sea of Azov in Southern Russia, it is one of Russia's largest rivers and played an important role for traders from the Byzantine Empire. Its basin is betwee ...

on its left bank. Population:

History

Local tradition asserts that the stanitsa was first mentioned in 1672.. However, a settlement called ''Veesky'' in the very same place is marked on a map of Southern Russia from

Isaac Massa Isaac Abrahamszoon Massa (baptized October 7, 1586, in Haarlem, died 1643) was a Dutch people, Dutch grain trader, traveller and envoy to Tsardom of Russia, Russia. He wrote memoirs related to the Time of Troubles and created some of the earliest ...

's book printed in 1638. During the

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

in 1919, the Upper-Don Anti-Bolshevists operated from Vyoshenskaya. The

Vyoshenskaya Uprising The Vyoshenskaya Uprising (or Upper Don rebellion) (March 11 - June 8, 1919) was an uprising of the Don Cossacks during the Russian Civil War led by Pavel Kudinov against the Bolsheviks, which had occupied the Upper Don district in January–Mar ...

and its leader, Pavel Kudinov, are described in Sholokhov's novel ''

And Quiet Flows the Don ''And Quiet Flows the Don'' (''Quiet Flows the Don'' or ''The Silent Don'', ) is a novel in four volumes by Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov. The first three volumes were written from 1925 to 1932 and published in the Soviet magazine '' Okty ...

''. The rebels had withdrawn from the White Army and joined the Bolsheviks, but rose in arms because of the

Red Terror The Red Terror () was a campaign of political repression and Mass killing, executions in Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia which was carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police ...

. They felt betrayed by the Bolsheviks who had promised that the Upper Don would be spared any military action or

decossackization De-Cossackization () was the Bolshevik policy of systematic repression against the Cossacks in the former Russian Empire between 1919 and 1933, especially the Don and Kuban Cossacks in Russia, aimed at the elimination of the Cossacks as a dist ...

. The

counter-revolutionaries A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution has occurred, in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "c ...

then united with the

Don Army The Don Army (, ) was the military of the short lived Don Republic and a part of the White movement in the Russian Civil War. It operated from 1918 to 1920, in the Don region and centered in the town of Novocherkassk. History On 23 April, K. ...

. The uprising failed as the southern front collapsed. Sholokhov also described the conditions during those years in his collection of short stories ''

Tales of the Don Tales may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Tales'' (album), a 1995 album by Marcus Miller * ''Tales'' (film), a 2014 Iranian film * ''Tales'' (TV series), an American television series * ''Tales'' (video game), a 2016 point-and-click adventure ...

''. Due to the efforts of Sholokhov, a paved road was laid in 1963 between Vyoshenskaya and

Millerovo Millerovo () is the name of several inhabited localities in Rostov Oblast, Russia. ;Urban localities *Millerovo, Millerovsky District, Rostov Oblast Millerovo (, Ukrainian: Міллерово) is a town and the administrative center of Millero ...

. In 1985, a bridge was built connecting Vyoshenskaya with the ''stanitsa'' of Bazkovskaya, on the opposite bank.

Culture

After Sholokhov's death in 1984, a museum honoring the writer was created. The town has erected many monuments to Sholokhov and the characters from his novel ''And Quiet Flows the Don''.

Notable people

Vyoshenskaya is the birthplace of the Soviet/Russian novelist

Mikhail Sholokhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( rus, Михаил Александрович Шолохов, p=ˈʂoləxəf; – 21 February 1984) was a Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life ...

and the Cossack historian and Crimean War general Nikolay Krasnov.

References

External links

History of Vyoshenskaya
{{Authority control Rural localities in Rostov Oblast Don Host Oblast