Vrdnik
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Vrdnik ( sr-Cyrl, Врдник; ) is a village located in the municipality of Irig, northern
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, in the
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
province of
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
. It is located at southern slopes of
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
, at the border of the national park. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 3,092 inhabitants.


Name

In
Serbian Serbian may refer to: * Pertaining to Serbia in Southeast Europe; in particular **Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans ** Serbian language ** Serbian culture **Demographics of Serbia, includes other ethnic groups within the co ...
the village is known as ''Vrdnik'' (Врдник)and in Hungarian as ''Rednek''.


Features

Although small, the village has several distinctive features: a thermal
spa A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to pre ...
,
Vrdnik-Ravanica monastery The Vrdnik-Ravanica Monastery (), also known as Little Ravanica (Мала Раваница'' / Mala Ravanica''), is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in Vrdnik in the Fruška Gora mountains in the northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. The ex ...
from the 16th century, former coal mine with steam
power plant A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the electricity generation, generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electr ...
built in 1911, but destroyed during
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Serbia and Montenegro, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. The air strikes lasted from 24 March 1999 to 10 June 1999. The bombing ...
in 1999, and a ruined castle, known as Castellum Rednek or '' Vrdnička kula'' (Tower of Vrdnik).


Geography

Vrdnik is placed near the heart of
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
, in a valley surrounded by its slopes, at
elevation The elevation of a geographic location (geography), ''location'' is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational equipotenti ...
of 181–260 m and coordinates . The valley is formed by three creeks named ''Dubočaš'', ''Morintov potok'' and ''Veliki potok''. Most houses are built in lines (colonies) along steep streets leading uphill from the town center.


History

9th century BC graves of Bosut culture were found in Vrdnik. Tower of Vrdnik is significant historical monument, whose basements date from the
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
period. The tower's builder supposedly was Roman emperor
Probus Probus may refer to: People * Marcus Valerius Probus (c. 20/30–105 AD), Roman grammarian * Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus, consul in 228 * Probus (emperor), Roman Emperor (276–282) * Probus of Byzantium (–306), Bishop of Byzantium from 293 t ...
in 287 During the reign of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
, a new fortress was built in the 14th century on its remains, of which only the today's tower remained. The ''Castellum Redneck'', as it was called, was probably used for protection of Vrdnik and partly
Sirmium Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in the Vojvodina autonomous province of Serbia. First mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by Illyrians ...
(
Sremska Mitrovica Sremska Mitrovica (; sr-Cyrl, Сремска Митровица, ) is a List of cities in Serbia, city in Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Sava, Sava river. , the city has a total population of 36,764 inhabitants, while its adminis ...
). This first written data about Vrdnik fortress date from 1315, but they consistently reappeared only after 1702 The village developed along the nearby monastery, and the population consisted of emigrants from all sides who worked as
serf Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed du ...
s at the monastery's property. They lived at the settlement called ''Prnjavor'' which was separate from the ''Village''. The key year for the development of Vrdnik was 1804, when a
brown coal Lignite (derived from Latin ''lignum'' meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, Combustion, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered ...
mine was opened following the discovery of large deposits. For almost a century and a half, it was the key feature of the village's development. Miners from entire
Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...
settled in the town, forming new parts of the settlement, first of which is now known as the Old Colony (''Stara Kolonija''). Lipovac developed next, along the road to village and monastery Jazak. The smallest part is New Colony, raised between 1890 and 1908 and lies at the western part of the town. The part named "Clerk's line" (''Činovnički red'') was apparently housed by clerks from the mine and administration. The mine was closed in 1968 because deposits were largely exhausted, and coal exploitation became unviable. The village's population is in a decay since. Woman in Vrdnik


Recent developments

The traces of mine exploitation are still present all over the village, like entries to the shafts (''Barbara'', ''Gustav'', ''Južno pomoćno'', ''Zora'', ''Glavno'') and a number of buildings. The "Miners' house" is scheduled for transformation into an ethno-tourist attraction. After the mine's closure, most of the population turned back to agriculture. For its favorable geographic position, the area of Vrdnik is suitable for
winemaking Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its Ethanol fermentation, fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over ...
. The spa, accompanied with hotel with annex,
bungalow A bungalow is a small house or cottage that is typically single or one and a half storey, if a smaller upper storey exists it is frequently set in the roof and Roof window, windows that come out from the roof, and may be surrounded by wide ve ...
s, 260 beds total, and two
Olympic-size swimming pool An Olympic-size swimming pool is a swimming pool which conforms to the regulations for length, breadth, and depth made by World Aquatics (formerly FINA) for swimming at the Summer Olympics and the swimming events at the World Aquatics Champions ...
s presents an important touristic asset and a source of income. The water temperature is 32.8
°C The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius temperature scale "Celsius temperature scale, also called centigrade temperature scale, scale based on 0 ° for the melting point of water and 100 ° for the boiling point ...
, and the spa is suitable for treatment of rheumatoid ailments, postoperative conditions, various painful disorders, and general balneologic recuperation.


Demographics

As of 2011 census, the village of Vrdnik has a population of 3,092 inhabitants.


Notable people

*
Aleksandar Berček Aleksandar Berček ( sr-cyr, Александар Берчек; born 4 September 1950) is a Serbian actor. He performed in more than one hundred films since 1971. He graduated at the Academy for theater, film, radio and television. He was the dir ...
, actor * Franjo Ožegović, Yugoslav geologist * Milan Stepanović, poet * Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja, poet * Zvonko Turkali, architect


See also

*
List of spa towns in Serbia Spa towns in Serbia are rich in mineral water, mud, air, or other characteristics that help or facilitate discomfort, speed up healing or recovering, or otherwise assist the healing process. There are over 40 spas in Serbia, and over 400,000 ...
*
List of places in Serbia This is the list of populated places in Serbia (excluding Kosovo), as recorded by the 2002 census, sorted alphabetically by municipalities. Settlements denoted as " urban" (towns and cities) are marked bold. Population for every settlement is ...
*
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina, a province of Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = ...


References


Literature

* Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.


External links


Vrdnik – naselje, tvrđava, rudnik, banja, manastir


{{Authority control Populated places in Syrmia Spa towns in Serbia