Volodymyr Mykhailovych Hnatiuk (; 9 May 1871 – 6 October 1926) was a

writer A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles, genres and techniques to communicate ideas, to inspire feelings and emotions, or to entertain. Writers may develop different forms of writing such as novels, short sto ...

literary Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems. It includes both print and digital writing. In recent centuries, ...

scholar A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a termina ...

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, and one of the most influential and notable Ukrainian ethnographers. He was a close companion of

Mykhailo Hrushevsky Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky (; – 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figures of the Ukrainian national revival of the early 20th century. Hrushevsky is ...

and

Ivan Franko Ivan Yakovych Franko (, ; 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, translator, economist, political activist, doctor of philosophy, ethnographer, and the author of the first d ...

. Hnatiuk focused primarily on

West Ukraine Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (, ) refers to the western territories of Ukraine. There is no universally accepted definition of the territory's boundaries, but the contemporary Ukrainian administrative regions ( oblasts) of Chernivtsi, I ...

, gathering information about folk songs, legends, customs and dialects. He served as secretary of the

Shevchenko Scientific Society The Shevchenko Scientific Society (), founded in 1873, is a Ukrainian scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication. Unlike the government-funded National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the society is a pu ...

(1899), editing “The Ukrainian Historical Journal”, and was a member of the

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...

(1902) and

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , ; ''NAN Ukrainy'') is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of Science and technology in Ukraine, science and technology by coordinatin ...

(1924). He was also the director of the Ukrainian Union of publishing.

Biography

Volodymyr Hnatiuk was born on May 9, 1871, in

Velesniv Velesniv () is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Chortkiv Raion, Monastyryska urban hromada. History The first written mention is from 1454. Religion * Saint Nicholas church (1864; brick, restored 1992; renovated 1999, artist M. Dovhan, ext ...

, Buchach powiat, Galicia (now located in

Ternopil Oblast Ternopil Oblast (), also referred to as Ternopilshchyna () or Ternopillia (), is an Oblasts of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its Capital (political), administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret (river), Seret, a tribu ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

). He studied in the

Buchach Buchach (, ; ; or ; ; ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city located on the Strypa River (a tributary of the Dniester) in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast (Oblast, province) of Western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Buchach urban h ...

and Stanislavska high school and

University of Lviv The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, ) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko. The university is the oldest institution of highe ...

. Even in the years of training he to study seriously folklore and ethnography. His first scientific works were published in the magazine "Life and Word", "The Nation", and other, in those period. He studied folk art in close contact with the socio-economic conditions of workers. Hnatiuk systematically made a note of folklore in

Eastern Galicia Eastern Galicia (; ; ) is a geographical region in Western Ukraine (present day oblasts of Lviv Oblast, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil Oblast, Ternopil), having also essential historic importance in Poland. Galicia ( ...

from 1893 to 1902. In 1859-1903 he investigated six folklore and ethnographic expeditions to Transcarpathian Ukraine. He wrote down about 1500 folk songs, composed a few selected works such as “Kolomiyka” (Ukrainian dance and song) in 3 parts, 1905-1907, "Hayivka" (1909), and "Carols and songs" (1914). Hnatiuk died in Lviv on October 6, 1926. He was buried at the

Lychakiv Cemetery Lychakiv Cemetery (; ), officially State History and Culture Museum-Reserve "Lychakiv Cemetery" (), is a historic cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine. History Since its creation in 1787 as Łyczakowski Cemetery, it has been the main necropolis of the c ...

in Lviv.

Research activities

When he was a freshman at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv he took an interest in the folklore of residents of the southern slopes of the Carpathians. The first study "Lyrists: lyrist, prayers, words, news and others facts about lyrists of Buchach district" was published in 1896. Personally conducted by Ivan Franko he edited the ethnographic collection "Materials for Ukrainian Ethnology". He published a number of scientific publications about residents of Transcarpathian areas who are called lemky and also about residents of

Yugoslavia , common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p ...

who are called Ruthenians. There were further works such as: * «Ruski in Bachtsya» (1898), * «Ruthenians in Hungary» (1899), * «Ruthenians of the Pryashiv eparchy and their dialect» (1900), * «Slovaks or Ruthenians» (1901). He edited the works of the Ukrainian and foreign authors, translated into Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Czech, Swedish and other literatures. The collected materials are celebrated for accuracy of record and have great importance for the further study of culture and life of Ukrainian, especially of Carpathian residents. A regular network for the collection of ethnographic and folkloristic materials was created by him. Numerous works on comparative ethnography, linguistics, literary criticism, organizing and publishing folkloristic materials, were also created by Volodymyr Hnatiuk. He actively corresponded with

Borys Hrinchenko Borys Dmytrovych Hrinchenko (, ; December 9, 1863 – May 6, 1910) was a classical Ukrainian prose writer, political activist, historian, publicist, and ethnographer. He was instrumental in the Ukrainian cultural revival of the late 19th and be ...

Mykola Voronyi Mykola Kindratovych Voronyi (, ; December 6, 1871, – June 7, 1938) was a Ukrainian writer, poet, actor, director, and political activist. Born in Rostov-on-Don and growing up in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, he acted in the troupes of Marko ...

Bohdan Lepky Bohdan Teodor Nestor Sylvestrovych Lepky, (, 9 November 1872 – 21 July 1941) was a Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist. He was born on 9 November 1872, in the village of Kryvenke, in the same house where the Polish ...

, Mykhailo Pavlyk, Antin Krushelnytskyi

Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytsky (born Levytsky; – 2 April 1918) was a well-known Ukrainian writer. Biography Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was born on to the family of a peasant priest in Stebliv (Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine). In 1847 he en ...

, and others. In 30 years of researching and publishing, Volodymyr Hnatiuk published about a thousand different works. He was the first to push the Ukrainian folklore on the wide path of European science. I. Franko named Volodymyr Hnatiuk a "phenomenally lucky collector of all ethnographic material in which, among our older collectors, apparently, no one did believe."

Works

Among the works of Hnatiuk are: * "Ethnographic material from Hungarian Ruthenia" * "Galician-Ruthenian folk legend" * "Kolomyyky" * "Hayivkas" * "People's stories about opryshky» * "Carols and songs" * "Ukrainian folk tales" * "National revival of Austro-Hungarian Ukrainian" * "People's stories" * "Folk tales" * "How the world was BC. Folk legends from the history of nature and human life " * "Burning and swimming of witches in Galicia "

Honouring

* The Volodymyr Hnatiuk Museum in Velesniv. *

Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University (commonly referred to as TNPU; Ukrainian: ) is a university located in Ternopil, Ukraine. TNPU provides courses in the sciences and humanities with a focus on education and teaching. ...

Ternopil Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The populatio ...

is named after him. * A gymnasium in

was named after him.

Sources

Mykola Mushynka. Hnatiuk, Volodymyr: Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2 (1989).

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hnatiuk, Volodymyr Ukrainian ethnographers Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences 1871 births 1926 deaths Ukrainian translators Writers from Ternopil Oblast Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery Writers from Austria-Hungary People from Ternopil Oblast