Volochysk (, ; ; ) is a small city located on the left bank of the

Zbruch The Zbruch (; ) is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester.Збруч

Khmelnytskyi Raion Khmelnytskyi Raion () is one of the three administrative raions (districts) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Khmelnytskyi. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of ...

Khmelnytskyi Oblast Khmelnytskyi Oblast (), also known as Khmelnychchyna (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in western Ukraine covering portions of the historical regions of western Podolia and southern Volhynia. The Capital (political) ...

(

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

) of western

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It hosts the administration of

Volochysk urban hromada Volochysk (, ; ; ) is a small city located on the left bank of the Zbruch River in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (Oblast, province) of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Volochysk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukra ...

, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. The population according to the 2001 census was 20958. Current population is Located on the left bank of

Zbruch The Zbruch (; ) is a river in Western Ukraine, a left tributary of the Dniester.Збруч

vis-a-vis

Pidvolochysk Pidvolochysk (; ; ) is a rural settlement in Ternopil, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated on the right side of the Zbruch River, opposite Volochysk in neighboring Khmelnytskyi Oblast. Pidvolochysk hosts the administration of the ...

on the opposite bank of the river for almost 200 years was an important border checkpoint between Russia and the countries of the Central Europe. Volochysk is an important transport center. Railroads and highways of national importance go through the town. Volochysk is located on / between

Ternopil Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The populatio ...

and

Khmelnytskyi Khmelnytskyi (, ) is a city in western Ukraine. Located on the Southern Bug, it serves as the administrative centre of Khmelnytskyi Oblast as well as Khmelnytskyi Raion within the oblast. With a population of Khmelnytskyi is the second-larges ...

. In the city is located a train station which is a final stop of

Southwestern Railways Southwestern Railways (PZZ), () headquartered in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is a component part of the Ukrainian Railways, Ukrzaliznytsia company, its regional branch. It is named "Southwestern" because it is Southwest of Moscow, despite bei ...

before continuing to territory of

Lviv Railways Lviv Railways (abbreviated as LR) () is a territorial branch company of Ukrzaliznytsia headquartered in Lviv. General description Lviv Railways administers all railroads of Lviv Oblast, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Chernivtsi Obl ...

History

68-209-0006 Khmeln obl Volochisk Nezaleznosti 225 006

68-209-0005 Khmeln obl Volochisk Muzeiyna 9 020

Volochysk is first mentioned as early as July 9, 1463 as Volochyshche.Mankovska, R.M.
Volochysk (ВОЛОЧИСЬК)
'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine It derives from Ukrainian word ''volochyty'' that means “to portage”. The town situated on the trade road from the East to the West in Halytsko-Volyn Principality time and in the following centuries. Merchants had to portage their goods through the river and its waterlogged banks. As a result, a new settlement appeared on that place soon (on left and right banks of river Zbruch). It was called “Volochyshche”. The settlement on the right bank was later renamed to “

”, which means “the place near or under Volochysk”. In 1545 the settlement adopted its current name.

Slavic Slavic, Slav or Slavonic may refer to: Peoples * Slavic peoples, an ethno-linguistic group living in Europe and Asia ** East Slavic peoples, eastern group of Slavic peoples ** South Slavic peoples, southern group of Slavic peoples ** West Slav ...

tribes of '' volyniany'' used to live on the territory of contemporary Volochysk in ancient times. This region belonged to

Kyivan Rus' Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,. * was the first East Slavic state and later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas of Russ ...

in the ninth and tenth centuries, later to Halytsko-Volyn Principality. Volochysk area was ravaged in 1241 by Mongol-tatar tribes, which were coming to conquer

Halych Halych (, ; ; ; ; , ''Halitsch'' or ''Galitsch''; ) is a historic List of cities in Ukraine, city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The city gave its name to the Principality of Halych, the historic province of Galicia (Eastern Europe), ...

after they had seized

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

. Volochysk region as a part of Halytsko-Volyn Princedom was conquered by the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, ...

in the second quarter of the 14th century. Volochysk was a part of Kuzmynsky povit (district) in that period of time. Soon afterwards, it became part of the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

. Volochysk is first mentioned as “Volochyshche” in Podil statement of

Zbarazh Zbarazh (, ; ; ) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Galicia (Central Europe), Galicia. Zbarazh hosts the administration of Zbarazh urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukr ...

princes dated 9 July 1463. Volochyshche belonged to Volyn baron, prince Vasyl Zbarazky, but after his death was inherited by his son Semen Zbarazky in 1463. There was a “black road” not far from Volochysk in the southern part of that region. It was one of the main roads for

tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

raids into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Kuzmynsky

powiat A ''powiat'' (; ) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (Local administrative unit, LAU-1 ormerly Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS-4 ...

was vastly ravaged by the

Crimean Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrai ...

horde at the end of the 15th century. Only few settlements survived. The welfare of Volochysk (which was then known in Polish as Woloczysk) grew after its people started trading with other towns of the area. Landlord prince Wladyslaw Zbaraski received the right from the government to establish a village in the area of the settlement in 1557 and since 1558 Volochysk was called a

village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...

. There were 135 households with 675 people. Volochysk became a trade-craftsmen community. Zbaraski family died out after

Jerzy Zbaraski Prince Jerzy Zbaraski (, , b. 1574, d. 12 July 1631 in Kraków) was a Polish–Lithuanian szlachcic. Older brother of Krzysztof Zbaraski. Last of the Zbaraski family. Jerzy was born in 1574. He was the son of Janusz Zbaraski and his wife Anna C ...

died and thus Volochysk was inherited by the Wisniowiecki princes in 1631. The

cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ...

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Zynoviy Bohdan Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky of the Abdank coat of arms (Ruthenian language, Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern , Polish language, Polish: ; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobility, Ruthenian noble ...

cast off the

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

yoke and captured Volochysk, when they defeated

Polish Army The Land Forces () are the Army, land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military histor ...

in the

Battle of Pyliavtsi The Battle of Pyliavtsi (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: ''Битва під Пилявцями'', Polish language, Polish: ''Bitwa pod Piławcami;'' 21–23 September 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the s ...

in 1648. Volochysk wasn't annexed to

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

in 1654. It was still a part of Poland due to the

Treaty of Zboriv The Treaty of Zboriv was signed on August 18, 1649, after the Battle of Zboriv when the Crown forces of about 35,000, led by King John II Casimir of Poland, clashed against a combined force of Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, led by Hetman Bohdan Khm ...

. After the Wisniowiecki family died out, their relative, governor of

Kijów Voivodship The Kiev Voivodeship (; ; ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1471 until 1569 and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793, as part of Lesser Poland Province of ...

(

), Jozef Potocki inherited Volochysk in 1695. Potocki sold Volochysk together with all his estates to the Polish crown marshal

Fryderyk Jozef Moszynski The Fryderyk is the annual award in Music of Poland, Polish music. Its name refers to the original Polish spelling variant of Polish composer Frédéric Chopin's first name. Its status in the Polish public can be compared to the US Grammy and Br ...

for 1700 thousand zlotys in 1772. Moszynski was one of the richest Polish landlords, who owned of land, 30,682 serfs, many shops and factories. He established a bank in Volochysk at the end of the 18th century. He also built a five-storey castle, a school, and also built another castle to the east of the village, thus established a new settlement which was named after him – Fridrikhivka (Frydrychowka). There were already 58 households in Fridrikhivka in 1866. But it was already the Russian Empire. In 1793, the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place, according to its terms of the Russian Empire, the lands of right-bank Little Russia and the central part of White Russia were ceded. And on March 27 of the same year, Empress Catherine II issued a manifesto on the admission of these territories and their population to her citizenshi

The population of the village was illiterate at the beginning of the 19th century, because there were no schools till that time. The first grade school was established there only in 1801, but only children of rich people studied there. A number of manufacturing enterprises appears in Volochysk in the second part of the 19th century. There was a brewery and a candle plant in 1860. A sugar plant owned by German venture “Zbruch” was built in 1870. A railway from Kyiv to

Lviv Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

and a railway station were built here in 1871. It was the first railroad joining current Western and Eastern Ukraine, and a key transit point for grain export from Galicia to the port city of

Odessa ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...

. There were no hospitals in Volochysk before the revolution. Only 4 medical attendants, 5 dentists and 4 midwives worked there in 1913. Volochysk was at the front line during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. Though not a big city, Volochysk was a famous place because Volochysk was the "gate" to Ukraine (from the West), the so-called "box of goodies" between Europe and Asia. There were 190 private shops in 1913. 261 students studied in a one-, and a two-year schools, and also in a church school. Among the cultural establishments in Volochysk, there were a club, a cinema, two libraries and three book shops in 1913. Many armies passed through Volochysk in the period from 1917 to 1920, when Ukraine gained its independence from Russia for a short period of time. They represented different powers: Russian Bolsheviks, the Polish army of

Józef Piłsudski Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (Poland), Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland (from 1920). In the aftermath of World War I, he beca ...

, Ukrainian Central Council (

Tsentralna Rada The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations o ...

), “ Dyrektoriya”, and

Petliura Symon Vasyliovych Petliura (; – 25 May 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He was the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian People's Army (UNA) and led the Ukrainian People's Republic during the Ukrainian War of Independence, a pa ...

. In November 1920, the army of the fighter for Ukraine's independence Symon Petliura was defeated by the 8th Division of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

near Volochysk. Thus, the military struggle for

Ukrainian independence Ukraine emerged as the concept of a nation, and Ukrainians as a nationality, with the Ukrainian National Revival which began in the late 18th and early 19th century. The first wave of national revival is traditionally connected with the publi ...

was over and Volochysk became a part of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. From 1923 Volochysk is the administrative centre of Volochyskyi rayon (district). The process of “

collectivization Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...

” (when individual land and labour were consolidated into collective farms by force) was one of the fastest in the region. As the result, big numbers of people were oppressed and sent to concentration camps in Siberia in 1930–1931. The first library for adults opened here in 1934, the library for children was opened in 1937. Local newspaper ''Prykordonnyi Komunar'' was established in 1930. Now it's called ''Zorya'' and is still published. In July 1941 German troops marched into the town. They occupied the town until March, 1944. In August 1942, 8634

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

were shot dead by

Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

near Volochysk. All together during the period of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, there were 9297 people killed in the town and 3982 were taken to

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

for forced labour. On 17 March 1944 Volochysk was freed by the Soviet Army. Right after that the processes of rebuilding the town started. Most of the plants and factories restored their full functionality by the 1950s. Great changes came to the town's industrial and socio-cultural development in the 1960s. A canned food plant, a clothes factory, capacitors, brick, metal items, and bread plants were built then. The development of the town also continued in the 1970s. A cheese plant and a machine-building plant were opened then. As of today the core production in the region consists of portable electric power stations, bricks, metal items, capacitors, canned food, sugar, bread and bun goods, and more than 100 of other consumer products. Volochysk is developing with rapid strides, paying much attention to the service sector and new technologies. Until 18 July 2020, Volochysk was the administrative center of

Volochysk Raion Volochysk Raion () was a raion (administrative district) of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. Its area was 1,103 square kilometres, and the administrative center was Volochysk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukr ...

. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Volochysk Raion was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion.

Economy

* Volochysk engineering factory, a branch of

Motor Sich The Motor Sich, Joint Stock Company () is a Ukrainian aircraft engine manufacturer headquartered in Zaporizhzhia. The company manufactures engines for airplanes and helicopters as well as industrial marine gas turbines and installations. Ov ...

* Ahrobiznes, agrarian company **

FC Ahrobiznes Volochysk FC Ahrobiznes Volochysk is an association football club from Volochysk, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, competing in the Ukrainian First League. History The club was founded in December 2015 in place of recently dissolved FC Zbruch.

, a professional football club

Notable people

* Rabbi Meïr Löb ben Jehiel Michel Weiser, ''Malbi"M'' *

Nadia Meikher Nadiya Oleksandrivna Urzhumtseva (; born 10 April 1982), known professionally under her maiden name Nadia Meiher (), is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress, poet, television host, and fashion designer. Beginning in 2000, she rose to promine ...

David Margolis (artist) David Margolis (September 3, 1911 — October 8, 2003) was an American artist known for his WPA murals in New York City. Margolis was born in born in Volochysk, Ukraine moved to the United States in 1931. He was educated at the Odessa Academy f ...

Samuel Mitja Rapoport Samuel Mitja Rapoport (27 November 1912 – 7 July 2004) was a Russian-born German university professor of biochemistry in East Germany. Of Jewish descent and a committed communist, he fled Austria after its annexation by Nazi Germany, and moved ...

, biochemist, born in Volochysk

References

External links

Volochisk web site

Volochysk web site

Volochysk web site

Weather in Volochysk. Погода в Волочиську.

The murder of the Jews of Volochysk
during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, at

Yad Vashem Yad Vashem (; ) is Israel's official memorial institution to the victims of Holocaust, the Holocaust known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (). It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; echoing the stories of the ...

website.
Woloczyska

Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich The Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries () is a monumental Polish gazetteer, published 1880–1902 in Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns ...

(digitized) * {{Authority control Cities in Khmelnytskyi Oblast Cities of district significance in Ukraine Zbruch Former border crossings Starokonstantinovsky Uyezd Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine Holocaust locations in Ukraine