Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (; – ) was a Russian

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator (thought, thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral t ...

pamphleteer A pamphleteer is a historical term used to describe someone who creates or distributes pamphlets, unbound (therefore inexpensive) booklets intended for wide circulation. Context Pamphlets were used to broadcast the writer's opinions: to articu ...

, and

literary critic A genre of arts criticism, literary criticism or literary studies is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical analysis of literature' ...

, who played a significant role in the development of

Russian philosophy Russian philosophy is a collective name for the philosophical heritage of Russian thinkers. Historiography In historiography, there is no consensus regarding the origins of Russian philosophy, its periodization and its cultural significance. Th ...

and

poetry Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

at the end of the 19th century and in the spiritual renaissance of the early 20th century.

Life and work

Vladimir Solovyov was born in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

; the second son of the historian Sergey Mikhaylovich Solovyov (1820–1879); his elder brother Vsevolod (1849-1903), became a historical novelist, and his younger sister, Polyxena (1867-1924), became a poet. Vladimir Solovyov's mother Polyxena Vladimirovna (née Romanova, d. 1909) belonged to a family of Polish origin and among her ancestors was the philosopher Gregory Skovoroda (1722–1794). In his teens, he renounced

Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main Branches of Christianity, branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholic Church, Catholicism and Protestantism ...

for

nihilism Nihilism () encompasses various views that reject certain aspects of existence. There have been different nihilist positions, including the views that Existential nihilism, life is meaningless, that Moral nihilism, moral values are baseless, and ...

, but later his disapproval of

positivism Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positivemeaning '' a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.John J. Macionis, Linda M. Gerber, ''Soci ...

saw him begin to express some views that were in line with those of the Orthodox Church. From 1869 to 1873 Solovyov studied at the Imperial Moscow University, where his philosophy professor was

Pamfil Yurkevich Pamfil Danilovich Yurkevich (; 28 February 1826 – 16 October 1874) was a Ukrainian philosopher and teacher of philosophy at the Imperial University of Moscow. From 1851 to 1861, Yurkevich was a professor of philosophy at the Kiev Theological ...

(1826–1874). In his 1874 work ''The Crisis of Western Philosophy: Against the Positivists'' (, Solovyov discredited the positivists' rejection of

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

essentialism Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their Identity (philosophy), identity. In early Western thought, Platonic idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an Theory of forms, "idea" or "f ...

, or

philosophical realism Philosophical realismusually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject mattersis the view that a certain kind of thing (ranging widely from abstract objects like numbers to moral statements to the physical world ...

. In ''Against the Positivists'' he took the position of intuitive noetic comprehension, or

insight Insight is the understanding of a specific causality, cause and effect within a particular context. The term insight can have several related meanings: *a piece of information *the act or result of understanding the inner nature of things or of se ...

. He saw consciousness as integral (see the Russian term '' sobornost'') and requiring both

phenomenon A phenomenon ( phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable Event (philosophy), event. The term came into its modern Philosophy, philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which ''cannot'' be ...

(validated by dianoia) and

noumenon In philosophy, a noumenon (, ; from ; : noumena) is knowledge posited as an Object (philosophy), object that exists independently of human sense. The term ''noumenon'' is generally used in contrast with, or in relation to, the term ''Phenomena ...

validated intuitively. Positivism, according to Solovyov, validates only the phenomenon of an object, denying the intuitive reality that people experience as part of their consciousness. As Solovyov's basic philosophy rests on the idea that the essence of an object (see

) can be validated only by intuition and that consciousness as a single organic whole is done in part by reason or logic but in completeness by (non-dualist) intuition. Solovyov was partially attempting to reconcile the dualism (subject-object) found in

German idealism German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary ...

In 1877, Solovyov moved to

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

, where he became a friend and confidant of the writer

Fyodor Dostoyevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. () was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist. He is regarded as one of the greatest novelists in both Russian literature, Russian and world literature, and many of his works are consider ...

(1821–1881). In opposition to his friend, Solovyov was sympathetic to the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

. He favoured the healing of the

schism A schism ( , , or, less commonly, ) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination. The word is most frequently applied to a split in what had previously been a single religious body, suc ...

(

ecumenism Ecumenism ( ; alternatively spelled oecumenism)also called interdenominationalism, or ecumenicalismis the concept and principle that Christians who belong to different Christian denominations should work together to develop closer relationships ...

, '' sobornost'') between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. It is clear from Solovyov's work that he accepted

papal primacy Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiological doctrine in the Catholic Church concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees. While the doctri ...

over the Universal Church. There is evidence that he converted to Catholicism in a ceremony on February 18, 1896. The testimony is signed by the Russian Greek Catholic priest Nikolay Tolstoy and two Catholic laypeople—Princess Olga Vasilievna Dolgorukova and Dmitry Sergeevich Novskiy. As an active member of

Society for the Promotion of Culture Among the Jews of Russia #REDIRECT Society for the Promotion of Culture among the Jews of Russia {{R from other capitalisation ...

, he spoke

Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...

and struggled to reconcile

Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...

and Christianity. Politically, he became renowned as the leading defender of Jewish civil rights in tsarist Russia in the 1880s. Solovyov also advocated for his cause internationally and published a letter in ''The London Times'' pleading for international support for his struggle. The ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' describes him as "a friend of the Jews" and states that "Even on his death-bed he is said to have prayed for the Jewish people". Vladimir-Solovyov

Solovyov's attempts to chart a course of civilization's progress toward an East-West Christian

developed an increasing bias against Asian cultures—which he had initially studied with great interest. He dismissed the

Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

concept of

Nirvana Nirvana, in the Indian religions (Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism), is the concept of an individual's passions being extinguished as the ultimate state of salvation, release, or liberation from suffering ('' duḥkha'') and from the ...

as a pessimistic nihilistic "nothingness", antithetical to salvation and no better than

Gnostic Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: , romanized: ''gnōstikós'', Koine Greek: �nostiˈkos 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among early Christian sects. These diverse g ...

dualism Dualism most commonly refers to: * Mind–body dualism, a philosophical view which holds that mental phenomena are, at least in certain respects, not physical phenomena, or that the mind and the body are distinct and separable from one another * P ...

. Solovyov spent his final years obsessed with fear of the "

Yellow Peril The Yellow Peril (also the Yellow Terror, the Yellow Menace, and the Yellow Specter) is a Racism, racist color terminology for race, color metaphor that depicts the peoples of East Asia, East and Southeast Asia as an existential danger to the ...

", warning that soon the Asian peoples, especially the Chinese, would invade and destroy Russia. Solovyov further elaborated this theme in his apocalyptic short-story "Tale of the Antichrist" (published in the ''Nedelya'' newspaper on 27 February 1900), in which China and Japan join forces to conquer Russia. His 1894 poem ''Pan-Mongolism'', whose opening lines serve as epigraph to the story, was widely seen as predicting the coming

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major land battles of the war were fought on the ...

of 1904-1905. Solovyov never married or had children, but he pursued idealized relationships as immortalized in his spiritual love-poetry, including with two women named Sophia. He rebuffed the advances of the Christian mystic Anna Nikolayevna Schmidt, who claimed to be his divine partner. In his later years, Solovyov became a

vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slau ...

, but ate fish occasionally. He often lived alone for months without a servant and would work into the night.

Influence

It is widely held that Solovyov was one of the sources for Dostoevsky's characters Alyosha Karamazov and Ivan Karamazov in '' The Brothers Karamazov''. In

Janko Lavrin Janko Lavrin (10 February 1887 – 13 August 1986) was a Slovene novelist, poet, critic, translator, and historian. He was Professor Andrej Jelenc DiCaprio of Slavonic Studies at the University of Nottingham. An enthusiast for psycho-analysis, h ...

's opinion, Solovyov has not left a single work which can be considered an epoch-making contribution to philosophy as such, and yet his writings have proved one of the most stimulating influences to the religious-philosophic thought of his country. Solovyov's influence can also be seen in the writings of the Symbolist and Neo-Idealist writers of the later Russian Soviet era. His book ''The '' can be seen as one of the philosophical sources of

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ...

's '' The Kreutzer Sonata'' (1889). It was also the work in which he introduced the concept of 'syzygy', to denote 'close union'.

Sophiology

Solovyov synthesized a philosophy based on

Hellenistic philosophy Hellenistic philosophy is Ancient Greek philosophy corresponding to the Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece, from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The dominant schools of this period were the Stoics, the ...

(see

Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...

and

Plotinus Plotinus (; , ''Plōtînos''; – 270 CE) was a Greek Platonist philosopher, born and raised in Roman Egypt. Plotinus is regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neoplatonism. His teacher was the self-taught philosopher Ammonius ...

) and early Christian tradition with

and Hebrew

Kabbalistic Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal (). Jewi ...

elements (

Philo of Alexandria Philo of Alexandria (; ; ; ), also called , was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt. The only event in Philo's life that can be decisively dated is his representation of the Alexandrian Je ...

). He also studied

Gnosticism Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek language, Ancient Greek: , Romanization of Ancient Greek, romanized: ''gnōstikós'', Koine Greek: Help:IPA/Greek, �nostiˈkos 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced ...

and the works of the Gnostic

Valentinus Valentinus is a Roman masculine given name derived from the Latin word "valens" meaning "healthy, strong". It may refer to: People Churchmen *Pope Valentine (died 827) *Saint Valentine, 3rd century Christian saint *Valentinus (Gnostic) (died c. 1 ...

. His religious philosophy was

syncretic Syncretism () is the practice of combining different beliefs and various schools of thought. Syncretism involves the merging or assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, thus ...

and fused philosophical elements of various religious traditions with Orthodox Christianity and his own experience of Sophia. Solovyov described his encounters with the entity Sophia in his works, such as ''Three Encounters'' and ''Lectures on Godmanhood''. His fusion was driven by the desire to reconcile and/or unite with Orthodox Christianity the various traditions by the Russian

Slavophiles Slavophilia () was a movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the Russian Empire to be developed on the basis of values and institutions derived from Russia's early history. Slavophiles opposed the influences of Western Europe in Rus ...

' concept of sobornost. His Russian religious philosophy had a very strong impact on the Russian Symbolist art and poetry movements of the

Silver Age The Ages of Man are the historical stages of human existence according to Greek mythology and its subsequent interpretatio romana, Roman interpretation. Both Hesiod and Ovid offered accounts of the successive ages of humanity, which tend to pr ...

and his written arguments in favor of the reunion of the Russian Orthodox Church with the

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

played an instrumental role in the formation of the

Russian Greek Catholic Church The Russian Greek Catholic Church or Russian Byzantine Catholic Church is a ''sui juris, sui iuris'' (self-governing) Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Catholic particular church that is part of the worldwide Catholic Church. Hi ...

. His teachings on Sophia, conceived as the merciful unifying feminine wisdom of God comparable to the Hebrew Shekinah or various goddess traditions, have been deemed a

heresy Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. A heretic is a proponent of heresy. Heresy in Heresy in Christian ...

Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (), also called Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia or ROCOR, or Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCA), is a semi-autonomous part of the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Pat ...

and as unsound and unorthodox by the Patriarchate of Moscow. This condemnation, however, was not agreed upon by other jurisdictions of the Orthodox church and was directed specifically against Sergius Bulgakov who continued to be defended by his own hierarch Metropolitan Evlogy until his death. In his 2005 forward to Solovyov’s ''Justification of the Good'', the Orthodox Christian theologian

David Bentley Hart David Bentley Hart (born February 20, 1965) is an American philosopher, theologian, essayist, cultural commentator, fiction author, and religious studies scholar. Reviewers have commented on Hart's baroque prose and provocative rhetoric in over on ...

wrote a defense of Sophiology including a specific defense of Solovyov's later thought:

Sobornost

Vladimir Solovyov 1892 by Nikolay Yarochenko

Solovyov sought to create a philosophy that could through his system of logic or reason reconcile all bodies of knowledge or disciplines of thought, and fuse all conflicting concepts into a single system. The central component of this complete philosophic reconciliation was the Russian Slavophile concept of ''sobornost'' (organic or

spontaneous order Spontaneous order, also named self-organization in the hard sciences, is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos. The term "self-organization" is more often used for physical changes and biological processes, while "spontaneous ...

through integration, which is related to the Russian word for 'catholic'). Solovyov sought to find and validate common ground, or where conflicts found common ground, and, by focusing on this common ground, to establish absolute unity and/or integral fusion of opposing ideas and/or peoples.

Death

Intense mental work shattered Solovyov's health.Zouboff, Peter P. (1944). ''Vladimir Solovyev's Lectures on Godmanhood''. International University Press. p. 14. "The passionate intensity of his mental work shattered his health. On the thirty-first of July, in "Uzkoye", the country residence of Prince P. N. Troubetskoy, near Moscow, he passed away in the arms of his close friend, Prince S. N. Troubetskoy." He died at the Moscow estate of Nikolai Petrovitch Troubetzkoy, where a relative of the latter, Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, was living. By 1900, Solovyov was apparently a

homeless Homelessness, also known as houselessness or being unhoused or unsheltered, is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and functional housing. It includes living on the streets, moving between temporary accommodation with family or friends, liv ...

pauper. He left his brother, Mikhail Sergeevich, and several colleagues to defend and promote his intellectual legacy. He is buried at

Novodevichy Convent Novodevichy Convent, also known as Bogoroditse-Smolensky Monastery (), is probably the best-known cloister of Moscow. Its name, sometimes translated as the ''New Maidens' Monastery'', was devised to differ from the Ascension Convent, Old Maidens ...

Quotes

Works

Original Russian
Мифологический процесс в древнем язычестве
(1873)
Кризис западной философии (против позитивистов)
(1874)
Кризис западной философии. По поводу «Философии бессознательного» Гартмана. (Статья первая)
— Moscow: Ed. Orthodox Review, 1874.
Теория Огюста Конта о трёх фазисах в умственном развитии человечества

О философских трудах П. Д. Юркевича
(1874)
Метафизика и положительная наука
(1875)
Странное недоразумение (ответ г. Лесевичу)
(1874)
О действительности внешнего мира и основании метафизического познания (ответ Кавелину)

Три силы
(1877)
Опыт синтетической философии
* Философские начала цельного знания (1877) * Чтения о богочеловечестве (1878)
Критика отвлечённых начал
(1880)
Историческия дела философии
(1880)
Три речи в память Достоевского
(1881—1883)
Заметка в защиту Достоевского от обвинения в «новом» христианстве

О духовной власти в России
(1881)
О расколе в русском народе и обществе
(1882-188З)
На пути к истинной философии
(1883)
Некролог. Кн. К. М. Шаховская
(1883)
Духовные основы жизни
(1882—1884)
Содержание речи, произнесённой на высших женских курсах в Петербурге 13 марта 1881 года

Великий спор и христианская политика.
(1883)
Соглашение с Римом и московские газеты.
(1883)
О церковном вопросе по поводу старокатоликов.
(1883)
Еврейство и христианский вопрос.
(1884)
Взгляд первого славянофила на церковный раздор.
(1884)
Любовь к народу и русский народный идеал (открытое письмо к И. С. Аксакову)
1884
Ответ Н. Я. Данилевскому.
(1885)
Как пробудить наши церковные силы?·(открытое письмо к С. А. Рачинскому).
(1885)
Новозаветный Израиль
(1885)
Государственная философия по программе Министерства Народного Просвещения.
1885
Учение XII апостолов. (Введение к русскому изданию Διδαχή τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων.)
(1886)
История и будущностъ теократии (исследование всемирно-исторического пути к истинной жизни).
(1885—1887)
Ответ анонимному критику по вопросу о догматическом развитии в церкви.
(1886)
Русская идея
ranslated from Fr. G. A. Rachinsky — Moscow, 1911.
Россия и Вселенская церковь
(1889) * Красота в природе (1889) * Общий смысл искусства (1890)
Г. Ярош и истина
(1890)
Китай и Европа
(1890)
Иллюзия поэтического творчества
(1890)
Мнимая борьба с западом
1890 * Об упадке средневекового миросозерцания (1891)
Идолы и идеалы
(1891)
Из философии истории
(1891)
Запоздалая вылазка из одного литературного лагеря. (Письмо в редакцию.)
(1891)
Народная беда и общественная помощь.
(1891)
Наши грехи и наша обязанность.
(1891)
Враг с Востока
(1892)
Заметка о Е. П. Блавацкой
(1892)
Кто прозрел? (Письмо в редакцию «Русской мысли»).
(1892)
Мнимые и действительные меры к подъёму народного благосостояния.
(1892)
Вопрос о самочинном умствовании Л. Тихомирова, Духовенство и общество в современном религиозном движении
(1893)
Из вопросов культуры (1893): I. Ю. Ф. Самарин в письме к баронессе Э. Ф. Раден

Из вопросов культуры (1893): II. Исторический сфинкс.
* Смысл любви (1894)
Некролог. А. М. Иванцов-Платонов
(1894)
Некролог. Ф. М. Дмитриев
(1894)
Некролог. Франциск Рачкий
(1894)
Византизм и Россия
(1896)
Магомет, его жизнь и религиозное учение
— tip. of the "Public Benefit" company, 1896. - 80 с. - (Life of Remarkable People. Biographical Library of Florentiy Pavlenkov)
Когда жили еврейские пророки?
(1896)
Мир Востока и Запада
(1896)
Духовные основы жизни.
— СПб., 1897.
Замечание на статью проф. Г. Ф. Шершеневича
(1897)
Из Московской губернии. Письмо в редакцию «Вестника Европы»
(1897)
Импрессионизм мысли
(1897)
Мнимая критика (ответ В. Н. Чичерину)
(1897)
Жизненная драма Платона
(1898)
Мицкевич
(1898) * Оправдание добра (1897, 1899) * Тайна прогресса (1898)
Идея человечества у Августа Конта
(1898)
Некролог. Я. П. Полонский
(1898)
Значение поэзии в стихотворениях Пушкина
(1899)
Идея сверхчеловека
(1899)
Лермонтов
(1899)
Некролог. В. Г. Васильевский
(1899)
Некролог. И. Д. Рабинович
(1899)
Некролог. Л. И. Поливанов
(1899)
Некролог. М. С. Корелин
(1899)
Некролог. Н. Я. Грот (1899)
* Три разговора о войне, прогрессе и конце всемирной истории (1900)
Некролог. В. В. Болотов
(1900)
Некролог. В. П. Преображенский
(1900)
Последняя лекция Владимира Сергеевича Соловьёва в С.-Петербургском университете в 1882 г. : (Лекция 25 февр.).
— St. Petersburg: Printing house of M. Alisov and A. Grigoriev, 882 English translations * ''The Heart of Reality: Essays on Beauty, Love, and Ethics''. University of Notre Dame Press, 2020. * ''The Burning Bush: Writings on Jews and Judaism'', Compiled 2016 by Lindisfarne Books,
''The Crisis of Western Philosophy: Against the Positivists''
1874. Reprinted 1996 by Lindisfarne Books, * ''The Philosophical Principles of Integral Knowledge'' (1877) * ''The Critique of Abstract Principles'' (1877–80) * ''Lectures on Divine Humanity'' (1877–91) * ''The Russian Idea'', 1888. Translation published in 2015 by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, *

' (novel), 1900. Reprinted 2012 by Kassock Bros. Publishing Co.,
''The Justification of the Good''
1918. Reprinted 2010 by Cosimo Classics,
''The Meaning of Love''. Reprinted 1985 by Lindisfarne Books

''War, Progress, and the End of History: Three Conversations, Including a Short Story of the Anti-Christ''
1915. Reprinted 1990 by Lindisfarne Books,
''Russia and the Universal Church''
. Reprinted 1948 by G. Bles. (Abridged version: ''The Russian Church and the Papacy'', 2002, Catholic Answers, ) * 103 pages

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

* * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* *
Vladimir Solovyov (1853–1900)
– entry on Solovyov at ''

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy The ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (''IEP'') is a scholarly online encyclopedia with around 900 articles about philosophy, philosophers, and related topics. The IEP publishes only peer review, peer-reviewed and blind-refereed original p ...

'' * http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/readings/end/antichrist.shtml
ALEXANDER II AND HIS TIMES: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky
Several chapters on Solovyov * http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/solovyov.htm * http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/soloviev/soloviev.html * http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/soloviev/biffi.html (address by Cardinal Giacomo Biffi)
Vladimir-Sergeyevich-Solovyov
// Britannica * http://www.valley.net/~transnat/solsoc.html * – excerpt from ''Three Conversations'' by Solovyov
Civil Society and National Religion: Problems of Church, State, and Society in the Philosophy of Vladimir Solov'ëv (1853–1900)
– research project at Centre for Russian Humanities Studies, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen * http://rumkatkilise.org/necplus.htm

* ttps://archive.org/details/bub_gb_R2kMAAAAIAAJ English translations of 2 poems by Babette Deutsch and Avrahm Yarmolinsky, 1921
"The Positive Unity: How Solovyov's Ethics Can Contribute to Constructing a Working Model for Business Ethics in Modern Russia"
by Andrey V. Shirin {{DEFAULTSORT:Solovyov, Vladimir 1853 births 1900 deaths 19th-century Christian mystics 19th-century Christian theologians 19th-century philosophers from the Russian Empire Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy Critics of atheism Eastern Orthodox philosophers Graduates of the 5th Moscow Gymnasium Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Imperial Moscow University alumni Modern gnostics Pamphleteers People from Moscow Governorate Philosophers of literature Philosophers of mind Platonists Russian male poets Russian Orthodox Christians from Russia Russian people of Polish descent Russian people of Ukrainian descent Russian philosophers of religion Sophiology Writers from Moscow