Viscoelasticity of bone can arise from multiple factors related to structures on multiple length scales.
[Garner, Elijah, Roderic Lakes, Taeyong Lee, Colby Swan, and Richard Brand. "Viscoelastic Dissipation in Compact Bone: Implications for Stress-Induced ]Fluid Flow
In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids – liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including (the study of air and other gases in motion ...
in Bone." Transactions of the ASME 122 (2000): 166-172. Bone is a composite of the bio-polymer collagen and the
bio-ceramic hydroxyapatite. Additionally the collagen is plied in various directions around the bone. Bone has two structural forms; cortical and cancellous.
[
The viscoelasticity of bone can therefore arise from the void collapse and deossification of cancellous bone and the natural viscoelastic response of collagen as a polymer.][3.051/BE.340 Lecture 20: Biomaterials for Organ Replacement. Cambridge, MA: Anne Mayes, 2006.]
Viscoelasticity
Viscoelasticity
In materials science and continuum mechanics, viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Viscous materials, like water, resist both shear flow and strain lin ...
[Meyers, and Chawla. Mechanical Behaviour of Materials. Prentice Hall, Inc. (Pearson Education), 1999.] is the phenomena of time-dependent strain exhibited by amorphous materials such as polymers or glasses. The viscoelasticity of materials depend on the viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent drag (physics), resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of ''thickness''; for e ...
and can be mechanically modelled using mechanical elements known as springs and dashpots. In turn, constitutive equation
In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two or more physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance o ...
s can relate the mechanical interpretation of viscoelasticity to the materials properties and strain rate.
References
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Skeletal system