The Violet Line was a boundary line agreed between the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in March 1914.{{citation , url= https://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/publications/view/?id=49, title=The Iraq-Kuwait boundary dispute: historical background and the UN decisions of 1992 and 1993, author=Harry Brown, publisher=IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin, date=October 1994, accessdate= 1 April 2020 It started from the termination of the Blue Line agreed to at the

Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 The Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, also known as the Blue Line, was an agreement between the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire and the Government of the United Kingdom which defined the limits of Ottoman jurisdiction in the area of the Per ...

and extended to the border between the Ottoman Yemen Vilayet and the British Aden Protectorates. Together with the Blue Line, the Violet Line effectively divided the Arabian peninsula in two. This boundary between the Ottoman and British empires is what eventually led to the border between

North Yemen North Yemen () is a term used to describe the Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1962), the Yemen Arab Republic (1962-1990), and the regimes that preceded them and exercised sovereignty over that region of Yemen. Its capital was Sanaa from 1918 to 1948 an ...

and

South Yemen South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until Yemeni unification, its unification with the Yemen A ...

References

*Anscombe, Frederick F. ''The Ottoman Gulf: the creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar'' New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. *Kelly, J. B. ''Eastern Arabian Frontiers'' New York: Frederick A Praeger, 1964. *Kelly, J. B. ''Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in Eastern Arabia'' International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) 34.4 (1958): 16–24. * Hurewitz, J. C., ed. ''The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record'', 2nd edn. Vol. 1: European Expansion, 1535–1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975, pp. 567–570. *Schofield, Richard. ''Kuwait and Iraq: Historical and Territorial Disputes''. London: Chatham House, 1991. *Slot, B. J. Mubarak al-Sabah: ''Founder of Modern Kuwait 1896-1915''. Arabian Publishing Ltd, 2005. *Tallon, James N. "Allies and Adversaries: Anglo-Ottoman Boundary Negotiation in the Middle East, 1906–1914" in Justin Q. Olmsted ''Britain in the Islamic World Imperial and Post-Imperial Connections'' London: Palgrave, 2019, 89–105. *Wilkinson, John C. ''Arabia’s Frontiers: The Story of Britain’s Boundary Drawing in the Desert'', London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 1991, 100–108. Borders of Yemen 1914 in the Ottoman Empire Ottoman period in Yemen Ottoman Empire–United Kingdom relations

References

Further reading