Vinton Gray Cerf (; born June 23, 1943) is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with

TCP/IP The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are ...

co-developer Robert Kahn. He has received honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award,Cerf wins Turing Award
February 16, 2005 the Presidential Medal of Freedom,2005 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
from the White House website the Marconi Prize, and membership in the

National Academy of Engineering The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American Nonprofit organization, nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. It is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), along with the National Academ ...

Life and career

Vinton Gray Cerf was born in

New Haven, Connecticut New Haven is a city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound. With a population of 135,081 as determined by the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. census, New Haven is List ...

, on June 23, 1943, the son of Muriel (née Gray) and Vinton Thruston Cerf. His mother was born in Canada and was of British, Irish, and

French Canadian French Canadians, referred to as Canadiens mainly before the nineteenth century, are an ethnic group descended from French people, French colonists first arriving in Canada (New France), France's colony of Canada in 1608. The vast majority of ...

descent. His paternal ancestors emigrated from Alsace–Lorraine to

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

. Cerf attended Van Nuys High School with Steve Crocker and Jon Postel. While in high school, Cerf worked at Rocketdyne on the

Apollo program The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which Moon landing, landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969. Apollo followed Project Mercury that put the first Americans in sp ...

for six months and helped write statistical analysis software for the non-destructive tests of the F-1 engines. Cerf received a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from

Stanford University Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth ...

. After college, Cerf worked at

IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is ...

as a systems engineer supporting QUIKTRAN for two years. Cerf and his wife Sigrid both have hearing deficiencies; they met at a hearing aid agent's practice in the 1960s, leading him to advocate for accessibility. They later joined a

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christianity, Christian Christian tradition, tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother ...

church and had two sons, David and Bennett. He left IBM to attend graduate school at the

University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school the ...

, where he earned his M.S. degree in 1970 and his PhD in 1972. Cerf studied under Professor Gerald Estrin and worked in Professor Leonard Kleinrock's data packet networking group that connected the first two nodes of the

ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first computer networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the tec ...

, the first node on the Internet, and "contributed to a host-to-host protocol" for the ARPANET. While at

UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school then known as the southern branch of the C ...

, Cerf met Bob Kahn, who was working on the ARPANET system architecture. Cerf chaired the

International Network Working Group The International Network Working Group (INWG) was a group of prominent computer science researchers in the 1970s who studied and developed Standardization, standards and communication protocol, protocols for interconnection of computer networks. Se ...

. He wrote the first TCP with Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, called ''Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program'' (), published in December 1974. Cerf worked as

assistant professor Assistant professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doct ...

at Stanford University from 1972 to 1976 where he conducted research on packet network interconnection protocols and co-designed the DoD TCP/IP protocol suite with Kahn. Vinton Cerf-20070512

From 1973 to 1982, Cerf worked at the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and funded various groups to develop TCP/IP, packet radio ( PRNET), packet satellite ( SATNET) and packet security technology. These efforts were rooted in the needs of the military. In the late 1980s, Cerf moved to MCI where he helped develop the first commercial email system ( MCI Mail) to be connected to the Internet, in 1989. Cerf is active in a number of global humanitarian organizations. Cerf typically appears in a three-piece suit; a rarity in an industry known for its casual dress norms. As vice president of MCI Digital Information Services from 1982 to 1986, Cerf led the engineering of MCI Mail, which became the first commercial email service to be connected to the Internet in 1989. In 1986, he joined Bob Kahn at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives as its vice president, working with Kahn on Digital Libraries, Knowledge Robots, and gigabit speed networks. Since 1988 Cerf lobbied for the privatization of the internet. In 1992, he and Kahn, among others, founded the Internet Society (ISOC) to provide leadership in education, policy and standards related to the Internet. Cerf served as the first president of ISOC. Cerf rejoined MCI in 1994 and served as Senior Vice President of Technology Strategy. In this role, he helped to guide corporate strategy development from a technical perspective. Previously, he served as MCI's senior vice president of Architecture and Technology, leading a team of architects and engineers to design advanced networking frameworks, including Internet-based solutions for delivering a combination of data, information, voice and video services for business and consumer use. During 1997, Cerf joined the board of trustees of

Gallaudet University Gallaudet University ( ) is a private federally chartered university in Washington, D.C., for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. It was founded in 1864 as a grammar school for both deaf and blind children. It was the first school ...

, a university for the education of the deaf and hard-of-hearing. Cerf himself is hard of hearing. He has also served on the university's Board of Associates. Cerf, as leader of MCI's internet business, was criticized due to MCI's role in providing the IP addresses used by Send-Safe.com, a vendor of spamware that uses a botnet in order to send spam. MCI refused to terminate the spamware vendor. At the time, Spamhaus also listed MCI as the ISP with the most Spamhaus Block List listings. Cerf has worked for

Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...

as a vice president and Chief Internet Evangelist since October 2005. In this function he has become well known for his predictions on how technology will affect future society, encompassing such areas as

artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computer, computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of re ...

, environmentalism, the advent of

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communication protocol, communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic ...

and the transformation of the television industry and its delivery model. Cerf has served as a commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN body which aims to make broadband internet technologies more widely available Cerf helped fund and establish

ICANN The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN ) is a global multistakeholder group and nonprofit organization headquartered in the United States responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several dat ...

, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. He joined the board in 1999 and served until November 2007. He was chairman from November 2000 to his departure from the board. Cerf was a member of Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov's IT Advisory Council (from March 2002 to January 2012). He is also a member of the advisory board of Eurasia Group, the political risk consultancy. Cerf is also working on the Interplanetary Internet, together with

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...

Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally funded research and development centers, federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States. Founded in 1936 by Cali ...

and other NASA laboratories. It will be a new standard to communicate from planet to planet, using radio/laser communications that are tolerant of signal degradations including variable delay and disruption caused, for example, by celestial motion. On February 7, 2006, Cerf testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation's hearing on

net neutrality Net neutrality, sometimes referred to as network neutrality, is the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) must treat all Internet communications equally, offering User (computing), users and online content providers consistent tra ...

. Speaking as Google's Chief Internet Evangelist, Cerf noted that nearly half of all US consumers lacked meaningful choice in broadband providers and expressed concerns that without network neutrality government regulation, broadband providers would be able to use their dominance to limit options for consumers and charge companies like Google for their use of bandwidth. Cerf currently serves on the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government. He also serves on the advisory council of CRDF Global (Civilian Research and Development Foundation) and was on the International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) International Advisory Board. Cerf was elected as the president of the Association for Computing Machinery in May 2012ACM Elects Vint Cerf as President
from the ACM website and joined the Council on CyberSecurity's Board of Advisors in August 2013. From 2011 to 2016, Cerf was chairman of the board of trustees of ARIN, the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) of IP addresses for the United States, Canada, and part of the Caribbean. Until Fall 2015, Cerf chaired the board of directors of

StopBadware StopBadware was an anti-malware nonprofit organization focused on making the Web safer through the prevention, mitigation, and remediation of badware websites. It is the successor to StopBadware.org, a project started in 2006 at the Berkman Cente ...

, a non-profit anti-malware organization that started as a project at Harvard University's

Berkman Center for Internet & Society The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, ...

. Cerf is on the board of advisors to The Liquid Information Company Ltd of the UK, which works to make the web more usefully interactive and which has produced the Mac OS X utility called 'Liquid'. Vint Cerf is a member of the CuriosityStream Advisory Board. During 2008, Cerf chaired the

Internationalized domain name An internationalized domain name (IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label displayed in software applications, in whole or in part, in non-Latin script or alphabet or in the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacrit ...

(IDNAbis) working group of the

IETF The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet standard, Internet and is responsible for the technical standards that make up the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster ...

. In 2008 Cerf was a major contender to be designated the first U.S. Chief Technology Officer by President

Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American president in American history. O ...

. Cerf is the co-chair of Campus Party Silicon Valley, the US edition of one of the largest technology festivals in the world, along with

Al Gore Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American former politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He previously served as ...

and

Tim Berners-Lee Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web, the HTML markup language, the URL system, and HTTP. He is a professorial research fellow a ...

. From 2009 to 2011, Cerf was an elected member of the governing board of the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP). SGIP is a public-private consortium established by NIST in 2009 and provides a forum for businesses and other stakeholder groups to participate in coordinating and accelerating development of standards for the evolving Smart Grid. Cerf was elected to a two-year term as president of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) beginning July 1, 2012. On January 16, 2013, U.S. President

announced his intent to appoint Cerf to the National Science Board. Cerf served until May 2018 when his six-year term expired. In 2015 Cerf co-founded (with Mei Lin Fung) and until December 2019 chaired the People-Centered Internet (PCI). Cerf is also among the 15 members of governing council of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. In June 2016, his work with NASA led to delay-tolerant networking being installed on the

International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was Assembly of the International Space Station, assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United ...

with an aim towards an Interplanetary Internet. Since at least 2015, Cerf has been raising concerns about the wide-ranging risks of

digital obsolescence Digital obsolescence is the risk of data loss because of inabilities to access digital assets, due to the hardware or software required for information retrieval being repeatedly replaced by newer devices and systems, resulting in increasingly ...

, the potential of losing much historic information about our time – a digital "Dark Age" or "black hole" – given the ubiquitous digital storage of text, data, images, music and more. Among the concerns are the long-term storage of, and continued reliable access to, our vast stores of present-day digital data and the associated programs, operating systems, computers and peripherals required to access such. Cerf has been a member of the Board of Governors of the

Folger Shakespeare Library The Folger Shakespeare Library is an independent research library on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., United States. It has the world's largest collection of the printed works of William Shakespeare, and is a primary repository for rare materia ...

since 2015.

Awards and honors

Cerf has received a number of honorary degrees, including doctorates, from the University of the Balearic Islands, ETHZ in Zurich, Switzerland, Capitol College, Gettysburg College,

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

George Mason University George Mason University (GMU) is a Public university, public research university in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Located in Northern Virginia near Washington, D.C., the university is named in honor of George Mason, a Founding Father ...

, Marymount University, Bethany College (Kansas), University of Pisa, University of Rovira and Virgili ( Tarragona, Spain), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Luleå University of Technology (

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

), University of Twente (

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Tsinghua University (Beijing), Brooklyn Polytechnic, UPCT (University of Cartagena, Spain), Zaragoza University (Spain),

University of Reading The University of Reading is a public research university in Reading, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1892 as the University Extension College, Reading, an extension college of Christchurch College, Oxford, and became University College, ...

(United Kingdom), Royal Roads University (Canada), MGIMO (Moscow State University of International Relations), Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (Argentina),

Polytechnic University of Madrid The Technical University of Madrid or sometimes called Polytechnic University of Madrid (, UPM) is a public university, located in Madrid, Spain. It was founded in 1971 as the result of merging different Technical Schools of Engineering and Arc ...

, Keio University (Japan), University of South Australia (Australia),

University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews (, ; abbreviated as St And in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Scotland. It is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and, f ...

(Scotland),

University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colle ...

and

(United States). Other awards include: *Edward A. Dickson Alumnus of the Year Award from UCLA * Prince of Asturias award for science and technology * Life Member IEEE *Fellow of the

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) organization, 501(c)(3) public charity professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines. The IEEE ...

for contribution and leadership in the design, development, and application of internet protocols. *Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1994 * Elected as a member into the

in 1995 for contributions to the design and development of network protocols and leadership in the evolution of the Internet. * Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award, 1996 * SIGCOMM Award for "contributions to the Internet panningmore than 25 years, from development of the fundamental TCP/IP protocols". *

Certificate of Merit The Certificate of Merit Medal was a Awards and decorations of the United States military, military decoration of the United States Army that was issued between the years of 1905 and 1918. The Certificate of Merit Medal replaced the much older Cer ...

from The Franklin Institute, in 1996. *In December 1997 he, along with his partner Robert E. Kahn, was presented with the National Medal of Technology by President

Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician and lawyer who was the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, ...

, "for creating and sustaining development of Internet Protocols and continuing to provide leadership in the emerging industry of internetworking." *Stibitz-Wilson Award from the American Computer & Robotics Museum in 1999. * In 2000, he received the honorary doctorate degree from URV, Spain. *He received the Living Legend Medal from the Library of Congress in April 2000. *In 2000, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering." *Cerf was selected as a Fellow of the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) in 2000. *Cerf was awarded the Award of Technology from the Telluride Tech Festival in 2002, also known as the Tesla Festival since the world's first AC hydro-power power plant was built in Telluride in 1891 by L.L. Nunn who purchased the generator and plans from George Westinghouse and Tesla. *Cerf and Kahn were the winners of the Turing Award for 2004, for their "pioneering work on

internetworking Internetworking is the practice of interconnecting multiple computer networks. Typically, this enables any pair of hosts in the connected networks to exchange messages irrespective of their hardware-level networking technology. The resulting sys ...

, including .. the Internet's basic communications protocols .. and for inspired leadership in networking." *In November 2005, Vinton Cerf and Kahn were awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President

George W. Bush George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Bush family and the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he i ...

for their contributions to the creation of the Internet. *He and Robert Kahn were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2006. *Vinton Cerf was awarded the St. Cyril and Methodius in the Coat of Arms Order in July 2006 *Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn were each inducted as an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication (STC) in May 2006 *He and Robert Kahn were awarded the Japan Prize in January 2008. *Cerf was inducted into the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists and given the Freedom of the City of London in April 2008. *Cerf was awarded an honorary membership in the Yale Political Union after keynoting a lively debate on the subject "Resolved: Online Communities are Real Communities." The motion passed. *In celebration of the five year-anniversary of YouTube he was selected as a guest

curator A curator (from , meaning 'to take care') is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the particular ins ...

by the site, and chose the six videos on YouTube he found most memorable. * IEEE-HKN Eta Kappa Nu Eminent Member, 2010 *In May 2011, he was awarded an HPI Fellowship as "...a tribute to his work for a new medium which influenced the everyday life of our society like no other one." *In September 2011 he was made a distinguished fellow of

British Computer Society image:Maurice Vincent Wilkes 1980 (3).jpg, Sir Maurice Wilkes served as the first President of BCS in 1957. The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned ...

, in recognition of his outstanding contribution and service to the advancement of computing. *In 2012 he was inducted as a Pioneer into the

Internet Hall of Fame The Internet Hall of Fame is an honorary lifetime achievement award administered by the Internet Society (ISOC) in recognition of individuals who have made significant contributions to the development and advancement of the Internet. Overview ...

*In 2013, Cerf was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. * In 2013, Cerf presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture * In 2014, Cerf was awarded the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st class for his role in invention of TCP/IP by president of

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

Toomas Hendrik Ilves * In 2014, Cerf was awarded Officer of the French Légion d'honneur * In 2015, Cerf received an honorary doctorate from the

, UK. * Cerf was elected a Foreign Member of The UK Royal Society in 2016 * In 2018, Cerf was named a recipient of the Benjamin Franklin Medal * In 2018, Cerf was awarded Catalonia's International Award * In 2023, Cerf was awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor for co-creating the Internet architecture and providing sustained leadership in its phenomenal growth in becoming society's critical infrastructure * In 2024, Cerf was inducted into the California Hall of Fame.

Partial bibliography

Author

*''Zero Text Length EOF Message'' (, August 1969) *''IMP-IMP and HOST-HOST Control Links'' (, September 1969) *''ASCII format for network interchange'' (, October 1969) *''Host-host control message formats'' (, October 1969) *''Data transfer protocols'' (, May 1971) *''PARRY encounters the DOCTOR'' (, January 1973) *'' 'Twas the night before start-up'' (, December 1985) *''Report of the second Ad Hoc Network Management Review Group'', , August 1989 * ''Internet Activities Board'', , September 1989 * ''Thoughts on the National Research and Education Network'', , July 1990 * ''Networks'', Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991 * ''Guidelines for Internet Measurement Activities'', October 1991 *''A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY'', , April 1, 1994 *''An Agreement between the Internet Society and Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the Matter of ONC RPC and XDR Protocols'', , April 1995 *''I REMEMBER IANA'', , October 17, 1998 * ''Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR'', , April 1, 1999 *''The Internet is for Everyone'', , April 2002

Co-author

* Vinton Cerf, Robert Kahn
''A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication''
(

Transactions on Communications, May 1974) * Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal, Carl Sunshine, ''Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program'' (, December 1974) * Vinton Cerf, Jon Postel, ''Mail transition plan'' (, September 1980) * Vinton Cerf, K.L. Mills ''Explaining the role of GOSIP'', , August 1990 * Clark, Chapin, Cerf, Braden, Hobby, ''Towards the Future Internet Architecture'', , December 1991 * Vinton Cerf et al., ''A Strategic Plan for Deploying an Internet X.500 Directory Service'', , February 1993 * Vinton Cerf & Bob Kahn, ''Al Gore and the Internet,'' 2000-09-28 * Vinton Cerf et al., ''Internet Radio Communication System'' July 9, 2002, U.S. Paten
6,418,138
* Vinton Cerf et al., ''System for Distributed Task Execution'' June 3, 2003, U.S. Paten
6,574,628
* Vinton Cerf et al., ''Delay-Tolerant Networking Architecture (Informational Status)'', , April 2007 Cerf writes under the column name "CERF'S UP", and Cerf's car has a vanity plate (registration) "CERFSUP".)

References

External links

Bio at Google

Vint Cerf
on the

wiki A wiki ( ) is a form of hypertext publication on the internet which is collaboratively edited and managed by its audience directly through a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages that can either be edited by the public or l ...

Dr. Vint Cerf on "Reinventing the Internet"
(YouTube). Internet Society. (May 13, 2013) * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cerf, Vint 1943 births Living people 20th-century American inventors 21st-century American inventors American computer scientists American people of British descent American people of Canadian descent American people of French descent American people of German descent American people of Irish descent American software engineers Draper Prize winners Engineers from Connecticut Fellows of the IEEE 1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery Foreign members of the Royal Society Google employees IEEE Medal of Honor recipients Internet pioneers Internet Society people Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences National Medal of Technology recipients Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class Scientific American people Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences alumni Technology evangelists Turing Award laureates UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni Van Nuys High School alumni Stanford University faculty Gallaudet University trustees The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science laureates