''View'' was an American literary and art magazine published from 1940 to 1947 by artist and writer Charles Henri Ford, and writer and film critic Parker Tyler. The magazine is best known for introducing

Surrealism Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike s ...

to the American public.Ford, Charles Henri (editor), ''View: Parade of the Avant-Garde'', Thunder's Mouth Press, 1991. The magazine was headquartered in

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

. The magazine covered the contemporary avant-garde and Surrealist scene, and was published quarterly as finances permitted until 1947. ''View'' featured cover designs by renowned artists with the highly stylised typography of Tyler along with their art, and the prose and poetry of the day. Many of the contributors had been living in Europe, but took refuge in the U.S. during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

bringing with them the avant-garde ideas of the time and precipitating a shift of the center of the art world from Paris to New York. It attracted contributions from writers like Wallace Stevens, an interview with whom was featured in the first number of ''View'', William Carlos Williams, Joseph Cornell, Edouard Roditi, Henry Miller, Lawrence Durrell,

Paul Bowles Paul Frederic Bowles (; December 30, 1910November 18, 1999) was an American expatriate composer, author, and translator. He became associated with the Moroccan city of Tangier, where he settled in 1947 and lived for 52 years to the end of his ...

, Brion Gysin, Philip Lamantia, Paul Goodman,

Marshall McLuhan Herbert Marshall McLuhan (, ; July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian philosopher whose work is among the cornerstones of the study of media studies, media theory. Raised in Winnipeg, McLuhan studied at the University of Manitoba a ...

André Breton André Robert Breton (; ; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first ''Surrealist Manifesto'' (''Manifeste du surréalisme'') ...

, Raymond Roussel, Albert Camus,

Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary criticism, literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th ...

, Jean Genet or

Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo ( ; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish literature, Spanish-language and international literatur ...

and artists like

Pablo Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...

Paul Klee Paul Klee (; 18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented wi ...

, Fernand Léger, Georgia O'Keeffe,

Man Ray Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American naturalized French visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealism, Surrealist movements, ...

, Joan Miró, Alexander Calder,

Isamu Noguchi was an American artist, furniture designer and Landscape architecture, landscape architect whose career spanned six decades from the 1920s. Known for his sculpture and public artworks, Noguchi also designed stage sets for various Martha Grah ...

Marc Chagall Marc Chagall (born Moishe Shagal; – 28 March 1985) was a Russian and French artist. An early modernism, modernist, he was associated with the School of Paris, École de Paris, as well as several major art movement, artistic styles and created ...

René Magritte René François Ghislain Magritte (; 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgium, Belgian surrealist artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unfamiliar, unexpected contexts, which often provoked questions about the nature ...

and Jean Dubuffet (''Surrealism in Belgium'', Dec. 1946).

Max Ernst Max Ernst (; 2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic trai ...

(April 1942), the '' Yves Tanguy Pavel Tchelitchew'' number with Nicolas Calas, Benjamin Péret, Kurt Seligmann, James Johnson Sweeney, Harold Rosenberg and Charles Henri Ford on Tanguy, Parker Tyler, Lincoln Kirstein and others on Tchelitchew (May 1942) and Marcel Duchamp, with an essay by

, (March 1945) all got special numbers of the magazine. The earlier ''

'' special (View 7-8, 1941) had featured Artaud,

Victor Brauner Victor Brauner (, also spelled Viktor Brauner; 15 June 1903 – 12 March 1966) was a Romanian painter and sculptor of the surrealism (art), surrealist movement. Early life He was born in Piatra Neamț, Romania, the son of a Jewish timber manufac ...

, Leonora Carrington, Marcel Duchamp and André Masson. There was an ''Americana Fantastica'' number (January 1943) and, edited by Paul Bowles the ''Tropical Americana'' issue on Mexico.Charles Henri Ford
" memorial article, ''Milk'' magazine, Volume 8 (publication date unclear), Retrieved January 4, 2007 In the 1940s, View Editions, the associated publishing house, came out with the first monograph on Marcel Duchamp and the first book translations of André Breton's poems.

Full list of "View" magazine issues{{Cite web , title=View Magazine - Full List of Issues , url=https://sites.google.com/view/viewmagazine/full-list-of-issues , access-date=2024-04-27 , website=sites.google.com , language=en-US

Series 1 (tabloid format)

* Volume I, Issue 1, September 1940, opening article: "Poetry - the Only Hope of Drama" by H.R. Hays * Volume I, Issue 2, October 1940, opening article: "Hollywood is Disguise" by Parker Tyler * Volume I, Issue 3, November 1940, opening article: "Thoughts on ''Night Thoughts''" by Nicolas Calas and Charles Henri Ford * Volume I, Issue 4-5, December 1940 - January 1941, opening article: "Boston - San Francisco" by Forrest Anderson * Volume I, Issue 6, June 1941, opening article: "Anti-Surrealist Dali" by Nicolas Calas * Volume I, Issue 7-8, October-November 1941, opening article: "Interview with Andre Breton" by Nicolas Calas * Volume I, Issue 9-10, December 1941 - January 1942, opening article: "The Destruction of the world" by Pierre Mabille * Volume I, Issue 11-12, February-March 1942, opening article: "The Politics of Spirit" by Lionel Abel

Series 2 (magazine format)

* Volume II, Issue 1, April 1942, cover:

* Volume II, Issue 2, May 1942, covers: Yves Tanguy and Pavel Tchelitchew * Volume II, Issue 3, October 1942 ertigo Issuecover: Hanani Meller * Volume II, Issue 4, January 1943 mericana Fantasticacover: Joseph Cornell

Series 3 (magazine format)

* Volume III, Issue 1, April 1943, cover: Kurt Seligmann * Volume III, Issue 2, June 1943, cover:

* Volume III, Issue 3, October 1943 arcissus Issuecover: Andre Masson * Volume III, Issue 4, December 1943, cover: Pavel Tchelitchew

Series 4 (magazine format)

* Volume IV, Issue 1, Spring (March) 1944, cover: Alexander Calder * Volume IV, Issue 2, Summer (May) 1944, cover: Georgia O'Keeffe * Volume IV, Issue 3, Fall (October) 1944, cover: Fernand Léger * Volume IV, Issue 4, December 1944, cover: Esteban Frances

Series 5 (magazine format)

* Volume V, Issue 1, March 1945, cover: Marcel Duchamp * Volume V, Issue 2, May 1945 ropical Americana Issue cover: Wilfredo Lam * Volume V, Issue 3, October 1945 merican Issue cover: Morris Hirshfield * Volume V, Issue 4, November 1945, cover: Leon Kelly * Volume V, Issue 5, December 1945, cover: Andre Masson * Volume V, Issue 6, January 1946, cover: John Tunnard

Series 6 (magazine format)

* Volume VI, Issue 1, February 1946 iew Italy cover: Leonor Fini * Volume VI, Issue 2 (numbers 2-3), March-April 1946 iew Paris cover: Atelier Constantin Brancusi * Volume VI, Issue 3, May 1946, cover: Jean Hélion

Series 7 (magazine format)

* Volume VII, Issue 1, Fall 1946, cover:

* Volume VII, Issue 2, December 1946 urrealism in Belgium cover:

* Volume VII, Issue 3, Spring 1947, cover: Pavel Tchelitchew

References

External links

"American Surrealism and ''View'' Magazine"
- an essay by Andrew Otwell, 1996
"Documents of Dada and Surrealism: Dada and Surrealist Journals in the Mary Reynolds Collection"
- Art Institute of Chicago Visual arts magazines published in the United States Defunct literary magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1940 Magazines disestablished in 1947 Surrealist magazines Magazines published in New York City