Viktor Petrovich Makeyev (also Makeev; ; 25 October 1924 – 25 October 1985) was a Soviet engineer in the

Soviet space program The Soviet space program () was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Contrary to its competitors (NASA in the United States, the European Space Agency in Western Euro ...

who was also a central and founding figure in development of

Submarine-launched ballistic missile A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from Ballistic missile submarine, submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), each of which ...

(SLBM) for the

Soviet Navy The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare Military, uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic planning in the event of a conflict with t ...

Biography

Born on October 25, 1924 in the village of Protopopovo (now the Kirovsky district of the city of Kolomna). Since 1939 he worked at an aircraft plant in Moscow, and since 1941 in evacuation in Kazan as a draftsman and designer. He demonstrated the ability to skillfully solve design problems in the conditions of intense serial production of

Pe-2 The Petlyakov Pe-2 ( — nickname «Пешка» (Pawn); NATO reporting name: Buck) was a Soviet twin-engine dive bomber used during World War II. One of the outstanding tactical attack aircraft of the war,Ethell 1996, p. 152. it also proved su ...

aircraft. Studied at the evening department of KAI (1942), then was transferred to the daytime department of MAI (1944). In 1950 he graduated from the Higher Engineering Courses at the

Bauman Moscow State Technical University The Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU; ), sometimes colloquially referred as the ''Bauman School'' or ''Baumanka'' (), is a public technical university (Institute of technology, polytechnic) located in Moscow, Russia. Bauman Univ ...

. Since 1947, in parallel with his studies, he worked at

OKB-1 S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" () is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components. Its name is derived from the Russian word for energy and is also named for Sergei Korolev, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, th ...

and

NII-88 TsNIIMash () is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test. The Institute is the main analytical center of Roskosmos in the field of system-wide studies of the ...

as a leading designer (until 1955). Participant in the creation (leading designer) of the R-11 operational-tactical missile and the first sea-based ballistic missile R-11FM. In 1950-1952 he worked as an instructor for the Central Committee of the

Komsomol The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it w ...

. In 1955, at the suggestion of

Sergei Korolev Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (14 January 1966) was the lead Soviet Aerospace engineering, rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He invented the R-7 Sem ...

, he was appointed chief designer of SKB-385. From 1963 - head of the enterprise and chief designer, from 1977 - head of the enterprise, general designer. Under his leadership, the design bureau became the leading scientific and design organization of the country, a ramified cooperation of research institutes, design bureaus, manufacturing plants, test sites was formed, solving the problems of developing, manufacturing and testing missile systems for the

. He conducted teaching work and supervised postgraduate studies. From 1960 to 1981, he was a professor and head of the aircraft engineering department at the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute. From 1981 to 1985, he was head of the power engineering problems department at the

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; , also known as PhysTech), is a public university, public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical physics, theoretical and applied physics, ...

. He initiated cooperation between the USSR Academy of Sciences and higher education with industries in the field of composite material structure mechanics. The Scientific Council of the

USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (u ...

, which he headed, played an important role in coordinating scientific research and conducting experimental and computational work. The research and development work on thin-walled composite shells carried out under the leadership and with the participation of Makeev were recognized by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences as one of the most important achievements in mechanics for 1981-1985. Under the leadership and with the direct participation of Makeev, the construction of the Miass Mashgorodok with a shopping center, hotel, and palaces of culture and sports was carried out. With Makeyev's assistance, issues of construction and targeted financing of important city facilities were resolved: thermal power plants, power lines, reservoirs and trolleybus service, a television tower, construction of a new railway station and other facilities. He died on October 25, 1985, on his 61st birthday. He was buried in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

at the

Novodevichy Cemetery Novodevichy Cemetery () is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist site. History The cemetery was designed by Ivan Mashkov and inaugurated ...

Work

Makeyev's work has resulted in three generations of

submarine A submarine (often shortened to sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term "submarine" is also sometimes used historically or infor ...

-launched

ballistic missiles A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are powered only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM) typica ...

being used by the

Russian Navy The Russian Navy is the Navy, naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces. It has existed in various forms since 1696. Its present iteration was formed in January 1992 when it succeeded the Navy of the Commonwealth of Independent States (which had i ...

. Among these were: ;First generation *

R-11FM The R-11 Zemlya (), GRAU index 8A61 was a Soviet Union, Soviet tactical ballistic missile. It is also known by its NATO reporting name SS-1b Scud-A. It was the first of several similar Soviet missiles to be given the reporting name Scud. Variant R ...

– the first Soviet

SLBM A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), each of which carries a nuclear warhead ...

. * R-13 * R-17 – known by

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...

as ''

Scud A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the m ...

-B'' * R-21 (SS-N-5 "Sark") – the first Soviet missile with underwater launch (1963) ;Second generation * R-27 – the first missile with factory fuelling (1968) * R-27K * R-29 – the world first intercontinental

(1974) ;Third generation * R-29R – the first intercontinental SLBM with MRV (1977) * R-39 – the first intercontinental SLBM with

MIRV A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) is an exoatmospheric ballistic missile payload containing several warheads, each capable of being aimed to hit a different target. The concept is almost invariably associated with i ...

(1983) *

R-29RM The R-29RM (, NATO reporting name SS-N-23 Skiff) was a liquid propellant, submarine-launched ballistic missile in use by the Russian Navy. It had the alternate Russian designations RSM-54 and GRAU index 3M27. It was designed to be launched from ...

– a complex missile of very high technical perfection The domestic school of sea rocket production, founded and headed by Makeyev, has reached world excellence in a number of tactical and operational characteristics of rockets, control systems, starting systems. The key areas of expertise are: * accommodation of engines inside tanks of fuel or oxidizer * maximizing fuel capacitance of rocket shell * successful use of astrocorrection in ballistic missiles * use of zone amortization using elastomer materials * ampulized fuel tanks factory refuelling Under his management the unique laboratory/experimental base provided complex ground working for rockets. In 1991, the State Rocket Center

Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau The JSC Makeyev Design Bureau (; also known as Makeyev OKB) is a Russian missile design company located in Miass, Russia. Established in December 1947 as SKB-385 in Zlatoust (see Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant), the company was the main designe ...

was named after him. Also named in honour of Makeyev are an avenue in

Miass Miass (, ) is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located west of Chelyabinsk, on the eastern slope of the Southern Ural Mountains, on the bank of the river Miass. Population: Name The name Miass is taken from the Bashkirs (), the indige ...

, a street in

Kolomna Kolomna (, ) is a historic types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva River, Moskva and Oka Rivers, (by rail) southeast of Moscow. Population: History Mentioned for the fir ...

, and a vessel of the

Northern fleet The Northern Fleet (, ''Severnyy flot'') is the Naval fleet, fleet of the Russian Navy in the Arctic. According to the Russian ministry of defence: "The Northern Fleet dates its history back to a squadron created in 1733 to protect the terri ...

. Makeyev's bust is displayed in Miass and

. Grants in his name were established in several universities. The Federation of Astronautics of the country has founded a medal. The academician of the century of Item of V. Makeyev. Makeyev was the author of 32 basic inventions, and published more than 200 printed works including monographs.

Awards

* 1959 –

Lenin Prize The Lenin Prize (, ) was one of the most prestigious awards of the Soviet Union for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was originally created on June 23, 1925, and awarded until 1934. During ...

* 1961 –

Hero of Socialist Labor The Hero of Socialist Labour () was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet ...

* 1965 – Dr.Sci.Tech. * 1968 – Member of the

* 1968 –

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize () was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathem ...

* 1974 – Hero of Socialist Labor * 1978 – USSR State Prize * 1983 – USSR State Prize

Literature

"Rockets and people"
– B. E. Chertok, M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. * "Testing of rocket and space technology - the business of my life" Events and facts - A.I. Ostashev, Korolyov, 200

* "S. P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of life and creativity" - edited by C. A. Lopota, S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, RSC Energia. S. P. Korolev, 2014 * A.I. Ostashev, ''Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov - The Genius of the 20th Century'' — 2010 M. of Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training MGUL . * "I look back and have no regrets. " - Author: Abramov, Anatoly Petrovich: publisher "New format" Barnaul, 2022.

References

External links

Viktor Makeyev
family history

In English

at RussianSpaceWeb.com
Makeyev's State Rocket Centre

In Russian

Airfleet

Makeyev

{{DEFAULTSORT:Makeyev, Viktor 1924 births 1985 deaths Heroes of Socialist Labour Moscow Aviation Institute alumni Soviet space program personnel Weapon designers from the Soviet Union Soviet inventors Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Candidates of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Members of the Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Russian scientists