Victor André Cornil
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Victor André Cornil, also André-Victor Cornil (17 June 1837 – 13 April 1908) was a French
pathologist Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...
, histologist and politician born in
Cusset Cusset is a commune in the department of Allier, in the central French region of Auvergne. Situated in the foothills of the , the city is a suburb of Vichy and ranks fourth in population for the department. Population Geography Loca ...
,
Allier Allier ( , , ; ) is a Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region that borders Cher (department), Cher to the west, Nièvre to the north, Saône-et-Loire and Loire (department), Loire to the east, Pu ...
.


Biography

He studied medicine in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, earning his doctorate in 1864. In 1869 he became '' professeur agrègé'' to the Paris faculty, and in 1884 a member of the
Académie Nationale de Médecine Situated at 16 Rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Académie nationale de médecine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by King Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institu ...
. Cornil was elected a member of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences () is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting nat ...
in 1902. Cornil specialized in
pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, macroscopic, Histopathology, microscopic, biochemical, immu ...
, and made important contributions in the fields of
bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the Morphology (biology), morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the iden ...
,
histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
and
microscopic anatomy Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visi ...
. In 1863 Cornil demonstrated histological evidence that supported Guillaume Duchenne's hypothesis regarding the cause of
paralysis Paralysis (: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of Motor skill, motor function in one or more Skeletal muscle, muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory d ...
in
poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis ( ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe ...
. With Austrian anatomist Richard Heschl (1824–1881) and Rudolph Jürgens of
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
, he was among the first to use methyl violet as an histological stain for detection of
amyloid Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the human ...
. In 1864 he was the first physician to describe chronic childhood
arthritis Arthritis is a general medical term used to describe a disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, Joint effusion, swelling, and decreased range of motion of ...
, a disorder that would later become known as Still's disease (named after English physician George Frederic Still 1868–1941). In 1865, with
Louis-Antoine Ranvier Louis-Antoine Ranvier (2 October 1835 – 22 March 1922) was a French physician, pathologist, anatomist and histologist, who discovered the nodes of Ranvier, regularly spaced discontinuities of the myelin sheath, occurring at varying interval ...
(1835–1922), he founded a private laboratory. Here Cornil taught pathological anatomy and Ranvier gave classes in standard anatomy. With
Victor Babeş The name Victor or Viktor may refer to: * Victor (name), including a list of people with the given name, mononym, or surname Arts and entertainment Film * ''Victor'' (1951 film), a French drama film * ''Victor'' (1993 film), a French shor ...
(1854–1926), he wrote an important paper on
bacterial infection Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of t ...
s titled ''Les bactéries et leur rôle dans l’anatomie et l’histologie pathologiques des maladies infectieuses'',Petri dish (www.whonamedit.com)
at whonamedit.com and with Ranvier, he published an influential manual of
histopathology Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: 'tissue', 'suffering', and '' -logia'' 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopatholog ...
called ''Manuel d'histologie pathologique''. He was elected to the
Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourb ...
in 1876, serving until 1882. In 1885 Cornil was elected a
senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or Legislative chamber, chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior ...
and served until 1903.


Selected written works

* ''Contribution à l'histoire du développement histologique des tumeurs épithéliales'' (1866). * ''De la phtisie pulmonaire, étude anatomique, pathologique et clinique'' (Paris, 1867). * ''Du cancer et de ses caractères anatomiques'' (1867). * ''Manuel d'histologie pathologique'' (1869–76 with Louis-Antoine Ranvier, second edition 1881). * ''Leçons élémentaires d'hygiène'' (1872). * ''Leçons sur la syphilis, faites à l'hôpital de la Lourcine'' (1879). * ''Les bactéries et leur rôle dans l'anatomie et l'histologie pathologique des maladies infectieuses'' (with Victor Babeş). * ''Études sur la pathologie du rein'' (with Albert Brault).


See also

*


Notes


References


Pagel: Biographisches Lexikon
(bibliography)
Biography of Cornil on the website of the French Parliament
(French)


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornil, Victor Andre 1837 births 1908 deaths People from Cusset Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Republican Union (France) politicians Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic French senators of the Third Republic Senators of Allier French pathologists French histologists Academic staff of the University of Paris Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences