ISO/IEC 15693, is an

ISO The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Me ...

IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; ) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. IEC standards cover a vast range of ...

standard for ''vicinity cards'', i.e. cards which can be read from a greater distance as compared with

proximity card A proximity card or prox card also known as a key card or keycard is a contactless smart card which can be read without inserting it into a reader device, as required by earlier magnetic stripe cards such as credit cards and contact type sm ...

s. Such cards can normally be read out by a reader without being powered themselves, as the reader will supply the necessary power to the card over the air (wireless). ISO/IEC 15693 systems operate at the 13.56 MHz

frequency Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as mechanical vibrations, audio ...

, and offer maximum read distance of 1–1.5 meters. As the vicinity cards have to operate at a greater distance, the necessary

magnetic field A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular ...

is less (0.15 to 5 A/m) than that for a proximity card (1.5 to 7.5 A/m). ISO/IEC 15693 is called contactless long-range standard with a lower RF speed compared to some other RFID standard such as

ISO/IEC 14443 ISO/IEC 14443 ''Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards'' is an international standard that defines proximity cards used for identification, and the transmission protocols for communicating with it. The ...

Standard

The standard is developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 17 (Subcommittee 17) ..

Parts

* ISO/IEC 15693-1:2018 Part 1: Physical characteristic * ISO/IEC 15693-2:2019 Part 2: Air interface and initialization * ISO/IEC 15693-3:2019 Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol

Example applications

* Ski pass: each of those has a unique ID and the system knows for how long the pass is valid etc.

Communication to the card

Communication from the reader to the card uses an

amplitude-shift keying Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, a Symbol rate, symbol, representing one or more bits, is sent by transmitting a fixed-a ...

with 10% or 100%

modulation index The modulation index (or modulation depth) of a modulation Signal modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform in electronics and telecommunication for the purpose of transmitting information. The proces ...

. The data coding is: ;1 out of 4

pulse-position modulation Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a form of signal modulation in which ''M'' message bits are encoded by transmitting a single pulse in one of 2^M possible required time shifts. This is repeated every ''T'' seconds, such that the transmitted b ...

: 2 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 75.52 μs symbol time, giving a bit rate of 26.48

kilobits per second In telecommunications, data transfer rate is the average number of bits (bitrate), characters or symbols ( baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system. Common data rate units are mult ...

. The

least-significant bit In computing, bit numbering is the convention used to identify the bit positions in a binary number. Bit significance and indexing In computing, the least significant bit (LSb) is the bit position in a binary integer representing the lowest-o ...

s are sent first. ;1 out of 256 pulse-position modulation: 8 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 4.833 ms symbol time, giving a bit rate of 1.65 kbit/s.

Communication to the reader

The card has two ways to send its data back to the reader. Both use a subcarrier transmitted back to the reader using load modulation.

Amplitude-shift keying

Amplitude-shift keying Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, a Symbol rate, symbol, representing one or more bits, is sent by transmitting a fixed-a ...

100% modulation index on a 423.75 kHz

subcarrier A subcarrier is a sideband of a radio frequency carrier wave, which is modulated to send additional information. Examples include the provision of colour in a black and white television system or the provision of stereo in a monophonic radio bro ...

. The data rate can be: * Low 6.62 kbit/s (fc/2048) * High 26.48 kbit/s (fc/512) A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by an unmodulated time of 18.88 μs (256/ fc); a logic 1 is the other way round. The

data frame A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunications. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure ...

delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is: # an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs (768/ fc), # 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz # a logic 1 and the end of a frame is: # a logic 0 # 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz # an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs The data are sent using a

Manchester code In telecommunications and data storage, Manchester code (also known as phase encoding, or PE) is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. It is a self-clocking signal with no ...

Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies. The technology is used fo ...

by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 32) and a 484.25 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 28). The data rate can be: * Low 6.67 kbit/s (fc/2032) * High 26.69 kbit/s (fc/508) A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by nine pulses of 484.28 kHz; a logic 1 is the other way round. The

delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is: # 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz # 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz # a logic 1 and the end of a frame is: # a logic 0 # 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz # 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz The data are sent using a

Manufacturer codes

see ISO/IEC 7816-6 #Code 0x01:

Motorola Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It was founded by brothers Paul and Joseph Galvin in 1928 and had been named Motorola since 1947. Many of Motorola's products had been ...

(UK) #Code 0x02:

STMicroelectronics STMicroelectronics Naamloze vennootschap, NV (commonly referred to as ST or STMicro) is a European multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies in Europe. ...

SA (FR) #Code 0x03:

Hitachi () is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company is active in various industries, including digital systems, power and renewable ener ...

Ltd (JP) #Code 0x04:

NXP Semiconductors NXP Semiconductors N.V. is a Dutch semiconductor manufacturing and design company with headquarters in Eindhoven, Netherlands. It is the third largest European semiconductor company by market capitalization as of 2024. The company employs approx ...

(DE) #Code 0x05:

Infineon Technologies Infineon Semiconductor solutions is the largest microcontroller manufacturer in the world, as well as Germany's largest semiconductor manufacturer. It is also the leading automotive semiconductor manufacturer globally. Infineon had roughly 58,0 ...

AG (DE) #Code 0x06: Cylink (US) #Code 0x07:

Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog ...

(FR) #Code 0x08: Fujitsu Limited (JP) #Code 0x09: Matsushita Electronics Corporation, Semiconductor Company (JP) #Code 0x0A: NEC (JP) #Code 0x0B: Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd (JP) #Code 0x0C:

Toshiba is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors ...

Corp (JP) #Code 0x0D:

Mitsubishi Electric is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1921 as a spin-off from the electrical machinery manufacturing d ...

Corp (JP) #Code 0x0E:

Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SEC; stylized as SΛMSUNG; ) is a South Korean multinational major appliance and consumer electronics corporation founded on 13 January 1969 and headquartered in Yeongtong District, Suwon, South Korea. It is curr ...

Co Ltd (KR) #Code 0x0F:

Hynix SK Hynix Inc. () is a South Korean supplier of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips and flash memory chips. SK Hynix is one of the world's largest semiconductor vendors. Founded as Hyundai Electronics in 1983, SK Hynix was integrated into ...

(KR) #Code 0x10: LG-Semiconductors Co Ltd (KR) #Code 0x11: Emosyn-EM Microelectronics (US) #Code 0x12: INSIDE Technology (FR) #Code 0x13: ORGA Kartensysteme GmbH (DE) #Code 0x14:

Sharp Corporation is a Japanese electronics company. It is headquartered in Sakai, Osaka, and was founded by Tokuji Hayakawa in 1912 in Honjo, Tokyo, and established as the Hayakawa Metal Works Institute in Abeno-ku, Osaka, in 1924. Since 2016, it is majority o ...

(JP) #Code 0x15: ATMEL (FR) #Code 0x16: EM Microelectronic-Marin (CH) #Code 0x17: SMARTRAC TECHNOLOGY GmbH (DE) #Code 0x18: ZMD AG (DE) #Code 0x19:

XICOR Julius Blank (June 2, 1925 – September 17, 2011) was an American semiconductor pioneer. A member of the traitorous eight, he left Nobel-winning physicist William Shockley's company to form Fairchild Semiconductor. Early life and education B ...

Inc (US) #Code 0x1A:

Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered at Sony City in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The Sony Group encompasses various businesses, including Sony Corporation (electronics), Sony Semiconductor Solutions (imaging and sensing), ...

(JP) #Code 0x1B: Malaysia Microelectronic Solutions Sdn Bhd (MY) #Code 0x1C: Emosyn (US) #Code 0x1D: Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Co Ltd (CN) #Code 0x1E: Magellan Technology Pty Limited (AU) #Code 0x1F: Melexis NV BO (CH) #Code 0x20:

Renesas Technology is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo. The name "Renesas" is a contraction of "Renaissance Semiconductor for Advanced Solutions." The company was established in 2002 as Renesas Technology through the merger of the semi ...

Corp (JP) #Code 0x21: TAGSYS (FR) #Code 0x22: Transcore (US) #Code 0x23: Shanghai Belling Corp Ltd (CN) #Code 0x24: Masktech Germany GmbH (DE) #Code 0x25: Innovision Research and Technology Plc (UK) #Code 0x26: Hitachi ULSI Systems Co Ltd (JP) #Code 0x27: Yubico AB (SE) #Code 0x28: Ricoh (JP) #Code 0x29: ASK (FR) #Code 0x2A: Unicore Microsystems LLC (RU) #Code 0x2B: Dallas semiconductor/Maxim (US) #Code 0x2C: Impinj Inc (US) #Code 0x2D: RightPlug Alliance (US) #Code 0x2E:

Broadcom Corporation Broadcom Corporation was an American fabless manufacturing, fabless semiconductor company that made products for the wireless and broadband communication industry. It was acquired by Avago Technologies for $37billion in 2016 and operates as a ...

(US) #Code 0x2F:

MStar Semiconductor MStar Semiconductor, Inc. () was a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company specializing in mixed-mode integrated circuit technologies, based in Hsinchu Hsien. MStar made hardware for multimedia and wireless communications, in the form of display ...

Inc (TW) #Code 0x30: BeeDar Technology Inc (US) #Code 0x31: RFIDsec (DK) #Code 0x32: Schweizer Electronic AG (DE) #Code 0x33: AMIC Technology Corp (TW) #Code 0x34: Mikron JSC (RU) #Code 0x35: Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (DE) #Code 0x36: IDS Microship AG (CH) #Code 0x37: Kovio (US) #Code 0x38: HMT Microelectronic Ltd (CH) #Code 0x39: Silicon Craft Technology (TH) #Code 0x3A: Advanced Film Device Inc. (JP) #Code 0x3B: Nitecrest Ltd (UK) #Code 0x3C: Verayo Inc. (US) #Code 0x3D: HID Global (US) #Code 0x3E: Productivity Engineering Gmbh (DE) #Code 0x3F: Austriamicrosystems AG (reserved) (AT) #Code 0x40: Gemalto SA (FR) #Code 0x41: Renesas Electronics Corporation (JP) #Code 0x42: 3Alogics Inc (KR) #Code 0x43: Top TroniQ Asia Limited (Hong Kong) #Code 0x44: Gentag Inc (USA) #Code 0x45: Invengo Information Technology Co.Ltd (CN) #Code 0x46: Guangzhou Sysur Microelectronics, Inc (CN) #Code 0x47: CEITEC S.A. (BR) #Code 0x48: Shanghai Quanray Electronics Co. Ltd. (CN) #Code 0x49: MediaTek Inc (TW) #Code 0x4A: Angstrem PJSC (RU) #Code 0x4B: Celisic Semiconductor (Hong Kong) Limited (CN) #Code 0x4C: LEGIC Identsystems AG (CH) #Code 0x4D: Balluff GmbH (DE) #Code 0x4E: Oberthur Technologies (FR) #Code 0x4F: Silterra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (MY) #Code 0x50: DELTA Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics (DK) #Code 0x51: Giesecke & Devrient GmbH (DE) #Code 0x52: Shenzhen China Vision Microelectronics Co., Ltd. (CN) #Code 0x53: Shanghai Feiju Microelectronics Co. Ltd. (CN) #Code 0x54: Intel Corporation (US) #Code 0x55: Microsensys GmbH (DE) #Code 0x56: Sonix Technology Co., Ltd. (TW) #Code 0x57: Qualcomm Technologies Inc (US) #Code 0x58: Realtek Semiconductor Corp (TW) #Code 0x59: Freevision Technologies Co. Ltd (CN) #Code 0x5A: Giantec Semiconductor Inc. (CN) #Code 0x5B: JSC Angstrem-T (RU) #Code 0x5C: STARCHIP France #Code 0x5D: SPIRTECH (FR) #Code 0x5E: GANTNER Electronic GmbH (AT) #Code 0x5F: Nordic Semiconductor (NO) #Code 0x60: Verisiti Inc (US) #Code 0x61: Wearlinks Technology Inc. (CN) #Code 0x62: Userstar Information Systems Co., Ltd (TW) #Code 0x63: Pragmatic Semiconductor Ltd. (UK) #Code 0x64: Associação do Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis Tecnológico – LSI-TEC (BR) #Code 0x65: Tendyron Corporation (CN) #Code 0x66: MUTO Smart Co., Ltd.(KR) #Code 0x67: ON Semiconductor (US) #Code 0x68: TÜBİTAK BİLGEM (TR) #Code 0x69: Huada Semiconductor Co., Ltd (CN) #Code 0x6A: SEVENEY (FR) #Code 0x6B: ISSM (FR) #Code 0x6C: Wisesec Ltd (IL) #Code 0x7E:

Holtek Holtek Semiconductor () is a Taiwan-based semiconductor design centre and provider with its headquarters and design operations based in the Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan, and has sales offices located the United States and India. Holtek's design ...

(TW)

Implementations

The first byte of the UID should always be 0xE0.

Products with ISO/IEC 15693 interface

EEPROM EEPROM or E2PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is a type of non-volatile memory. It is used in computers, usually integrated in microcontrollers such as smart cards and remote keyless systems, or as a separate chip d ...

: various manufacturers like

ST Microelectronics STMicroelectronics NV (commonly referred to as ST or STMicro) is a European multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies in Europe. It was founded in 1987 from the merger of two st ...

or NXP offer EEPROMs readable via ISO/IEC 15693. * μController:

offers a small μController entirely powered by the ISO/IEC 15693 reading field and capable of reading a simple temperature sensor, wirelessly providing the value of that to the reader.

External links

ISO/IEC 15693-1:2010 Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Vicinity cards — Part 1: Physical characteristics
*[https://www.iso.org/standard/43467.html ISO/IEC 15693-3:2009 Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Vicinity cards — Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol] {{DEFAULTSORT:ISO IEC 15693 ISO/IEC standards, #15693