Crystal Structure of the Vesicular Transport Protein Sec17

A vesicular transport protein, or vesicular transporter, is a

membrane protein Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location. Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane ...

that regulates or facilitates the movement of specific molecules across a vesicle's

membrane A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membranes and biological membranes. Bi ...

. As a result, vesicular transporters govern the concentration of molecules within a vesicle.

Types

Examples include: *

Archain Archain is a human protein that is encoded by gene which is located on chromosome 11. Also known as ARCN1, it plays a role in eukaryotic cell biology. It is part of the COPI coatomer The coatomer is a protein complex that coats membrane-boun ...

* ARFs *

Clathrin Clathrin is a protein that plays a role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated by Barbara Pearse in 1976. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskel ...

Caveolin In molecular biology, caveolins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent endocytosis. Caveolins may act as scaffolding proteins within caveolar me ...

Dynamin Dynamin is a GTPase protein responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, MX1, Mx proteins, OPA1, MFN1, mitofusins, and Guanylate-bindin ...

and related proteins, such as the

EHD protein family The EHD protein family is a relatively small group of proteins which have been shown to play a role in several physiological functions, the most notable being the regulation of endocytosis, endocytotic vesicles. This family is recognized by its high ...

* Rab proteins * SNAREs * Vesicular transport adaptor proteins e.g. Sorting nexins *

Synaptotagmin Synaptotagmins (SYTs) constitute a family of cell membrane, membrane-trafficking proteins that are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region (TMR), a variable linker, and two C-terminal C2 domains - C2A and C2B. There are 17 Protein isof ...

TRAPP complex TRAPP (TRAnsport Protein Particle) is a protein involved in particle transport between organelles. Protein folding and the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Proteins that are destined for the plasma membrane or export to the extracellular environment in e ...

Synaptophysin Synaptophysin, also known as the major synaptic vesicle protein p38, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SYP'' gene. Gene The gene is located on the short arm of X chromosome (Xp11.23-p11.22). It is 12,406 bases in length and li ...

Auxilin Putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DNAJC6'' gene. Function DNAJC6 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved DNAJ/HSP40 family of proteins, which regulate molecular chaperone activity by ...

Pathways

There are multiple pathways, each using its own coat and

GTPase GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a ...

. * COP 1 (Cytosolic coat protein complex ) : retrograde transport; Golgi ---->

Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryote, eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. The word endoplasmic means "within the cytoplasm", and reticulum is Latin for ...

COP 2 The coat protein complex II, or COPII, is a group of proteins that facilitate the formation of vesicles to transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic-reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment. This ...

(Cytosolic coat protein complex ) : anterograde transport; RER -----> cis-Golgi *

: trans-Golgi ---->

Lysosome A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle that is found in all mammalian cells, with the exception of red blood cells (erythrocytes). There are normally hundreds of lysosomes in the cytosol, where they function as the cell’s degradation cent ...

Plasma membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extr ...

---->

Endosome Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membra ...

s (

receptor-mediated endocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). This ...

)

References

Vesicular transport proteins Peripheral membrane proteins {{membrane-protein-stub

Types

Pathways

See also

References