Verenahof
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Verenahof (also known as ''Büttenharter Hof'' or ''Verenahöfe''), nowadays part of the Swiss town of
Büttenhardt Büttenhardt (pronunciation: ˈbʏttənˌhaɐt) is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Schaffhausen (canton), Schaffhausen in Switzerland. History Büttenhardt is first mentioned in 1238 as ''Bu ...
, was a German
exclave An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is s ...
in
Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
, administratively part of the German town of Wiechs am Randen (which is now part of the town of Tengen). Geographically, it was separated from Wiechs am Randen by a strip of Swiss territory. It was absorbed into Switzerland in 1967 after diplomatic negotiations between the
Federal Republic of Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 ...
and Switzerland.


History

In 1522, Emperor
Charles V Charles V may refer to: Kings and Emperors * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise Others * Charles V, Duke ...
and his brother, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria purchased Verenahof along with other territories in the vicinity (Tengen, Kommingen, Wiechs am Randen) from Count , who expressly wished not to sell these possessions to the Swiss
Canton of Schaffhausen The canton of Schaffhausen, also canton of Schaffhouse (; ; ; ), is the northernmost Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Switzerland. The principal city and capital of the canton is Schaffhausen. The canton's territory is divided into three non-co ...
. In the 17th and 18th centuries there were repeated disputes between Tengen and the adjacent Schaffhausen over the access roads and the exact delimitation of the enclave. Residents of Verenahof were Catholic at that time whereas the inhabitants of Büttenhardt were Protestant. On Catholic holidays Verenahof denied the inhabitants of Büttenhardt rights of transit. In 1806, the
Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden () was a German polity on the east bank of the Rhine. It originally existed as a sovereign state from 1806 to 1871 and later as part of the German Empire until 1918. The duchy's 12th-century origins were as a Margravia ...
inherited sovereign rights over Verenahof, which became an enclave within the canton of Schaffhausen. In 1815 and 1839 Swiss attempts to obtain Verenahof were unsuccessful. In 1829 a schoolhouse was built in Wiechs am Randen where the children from the Verenahof enclave could attend school. By 1855 inhabitants of Verenahof were also Protestant as were their Büttenhardter neighbors; they had become a small Protestant minority within the otherwise completely Catholic community of Wiechs am Randen. In the 1920s, there were several attempts to integrate the Verenahof into Switzerland but the Baden Ministry of the Interior repeatedly rejected these. In the 1930s, the border markers around the exclave were updated. On 30 April 1945, four German officers sought refuge in the enclave. The Swiss police, however, expelled them. By 1964 a treaty was concluded between Germany and Switzerland, which entered into force on 4 October 1967. The 43-hectare (430,000-square metre) territory, containing three houses and eleven West German citizens, became part of SwitzerlandVertrag zwischen der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland über die Bereinigung der Grenze im Abschnitt Konstanz–Neuhausen am Rheinfall (Treaty between the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the settlement of the border in the Konstanz-Neuhausen am Rheinfall section)
Verenahof is dealt with in Article 1, paragraphs 2 (e) and (f).
with the transfer of of West German land parcels (that had administratively been part of the German towns of
Konstanz Konstanz ( , , , ), traditionally known as Constance in English, is a college town, university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany. The city ho ...
, Öhningen, Rielasingen, Wiechs am Randen,
Altenburg Altenburg () is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located south of Leipzig, west of Dresden and east of Erfurt. It is the capital of the Altenburger Land district and part of a polycentric old-industrial textile and metal production region betw ...
,
Stühlingen Stühlingen (; High Alemannic German, High Alemannic: ''Stüelinge'') is a town in the Waldshut (district), Waldshut district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the border with Switzerland, with a border crossing to the village of Ob ...
, Weizen and Grimmelshofen) in exchange for the transfer to the
Federal Republic of Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 ...
of an equal area of Swiss land parcels (which had administratively been part of the Swiss towns of
Kreuzlingen Kreuzlingen () is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the seat of the district and is the second-largest city of the canton, after Frauenfeld, with a population of about 22 ...
, Hemishofen, Büttenhardt, Opfertshofen, and
Merishausen Merishausen is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Schaffhausen (canton), Schaffhausen in Switzerland. History Merishausen is first mentioned in 846 as ''Morinishusun''. Coat of arms The blazon ...
).. Verenahof now forms part of the Swiss municipality of
Büttenhardt Büttenhardt (pronunciation: ˈbʏttənˌhaɐt) is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Schaffhausen (canton), Schaffhausen in Switzerland. History Büttenhardt is first mentioned in 1238 as ''Bu ...
. Meanwhile, the exclave of
Büsingen am Hochrhein Büsingen am Hochrhein (, ; Alemannic: ', ), often known simply as Büsingen, is a German municipality () in the south of Baden-Württemberg with a population of about 1,548 inhabitants. It is an exclave of Germany and Baden-Württemberg, and ...
continued to administratively remain part of Germany. Subsequent to the land swap treaty involving Verenahof coming into force on 4 October 1967, Büsingen am Hochrhein was made part of the Switzerland-Liechtenstein customs area; no border checks have been carried out between Büsingen and Switzerland since. At the Wiechs am Randen town hall there are some remaining border markers that became obsolete with the land swap in 1967; in Büttenhardt, at the old school house, some old border markers from the 1930s have been used to frame bushes planted around the enclave.


See also

*
Büsingen am Hochrhein Büsingen am Hochrhein (, ; Alemannic: ', ), often known simply as Büsingen, is a German municipality () in the south of Baden-Württemberg with a population of about 1,548 inhabitants. It is an exclave of Germany and Baden-Württemberg, and ...


References

{{Coord, 47, 45, 26.59, N, 8, 39, 04.45, E, region:DE-BW_type:landmark_source:dewiki, display=title Former exclaves Canton of Schaffhausen Hegau