The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family (biology), family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and Herbaceous plant, herbs notable for Head (botany), heads, Raceme, spikes, or Inflorescence, clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetics, Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus ''Avicennia'', sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae. Economically important Verbenaceae include: * Lemon verbena (''Aloysia triphylla''), grown for aroma or flavoring * Verbenas or vervains (''Verbena''), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens

Taxonomy

Tribes and genera in the family and their estimated species numbers: Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc. * ''Casselia'' Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, Nees & Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Mart. - 6 species * ''Parodianthus'' Tronc. - 2 species * ''Tamonea'' Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet, Aubl. - 6 species Citharexyleae Briq. * ''Citharexylum'' Carl Linnaeus, L. (fiddlewoods) - 60 species * ''Rehdera'' Moldenke - 3 species Duranteae Bent. * ''Bouchea'' Adelbert von Chamisso, Cham. - 13 species * ''Chascanum'' E.Mey - 27 species * ''Duranta'' Carl Linnaeus, L. - 31 species * ''Recordia'' Moldenke - 2 species * ''Stachytarpheta'' Martin Vahl, Vahl - 120 species Lantaneae Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher, Endl. * ''Aloysia'' Palau (beebrushes) - 36 species * ''Burroughsia'' Moldenke - 2 species * ''Coelocarpum'' Isaac Bayley Balfour, Balf.f. - 6 species * ''Diphyllocalyx'' (August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach, Griseb.) Greuter & R.Rankin - 6 species * ''Isidroa'' Greuter & R.Rankin - 1 species * ''Lantana'' Carl Linnaeus, L. (shrub verbenas, lantanas) - 100 species * ''Lippia'' Carl Linnaeus, L. - 140 species * ''Nashia'' Charles Frederick Millspaugh, Millsp. - 1 species * ''Phyla (genus), Phyla'' João de Loureiro, Lour. (frogfruits) - 5 species Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary * ''Diostea'' John Miers (botanist), Miers - 1 species * ''Lampayo'' Phil. ex Murillo - 3 species * ''Neosparton'' August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach, Griseb. - 3 species Petreeae Briq. * ''Petrea'' Carl Linnaeus, L. (sandpaper vines) - 12 species Priveae Briq. * ''Pitraea'' Turcz. - 1 species * ''Priva'' Michel Adanson, Adans. - 20 species Verbeneae Dumort. * ''Glandularia'' Johann Friedrich Gmelin, J.F.Gmel. - 88 species * ''Hierobotana'' Briq. - 1 species * ''Junellia'' Moldenke - 38 species * ''Mulguraea'' N.O’Leary & P.Peralta - 11 species * ''Verbena'' Carl Linnaeus, L. (verbenas/vervains) - 57 species Unassigned * ''Dipyrena'' William Jackson Hooker, Hook. - 1 species * ''Rhaphithamnus'' John Miers (botanist), Miers - 2 species * ''Troncosoa'' N.O'Leary & P.Moroni - 1 species

Excluded genera

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families: ;Moved to Acanthaceae: * ''Avicennia'' L. ;Moved to Lamiaceae: * ''Amasonia'' L.f. * ''Brachysola'' (F.Muell.) Rye * ''Callicarpa'' L. * ''Caryopteris'' Bunge * ''Chloanthes'' R.Br. * ''Clerodendrum'' L. * ''Congea'' Roxb. * ''Cornutia'' L. * ''Cyanostegia'' Turcz. * ''Dicrastylis'' J.Drumm. ex Harv. * ''Discretitheca'' P.D.Cantino * ''Faradaya'' F.Muell. * ''Garrettia'' H.R.Fletcher * ''Glossocarya'' Wall. ex Griff. * ''Gmelina'' L. * ''Hemiphora'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. * ''Holmskioldia'' Retz. * ''Hosea (genus), Hosea'' Ridl. * ''Hymenopyramis'' Wall. ex Griff. * ''Kalaharia (plant), Kalaharia'' Baill. * ''Karomia'' Dop * ''Lachnostachys'' Hook. * ''Mallophora'' Endl. * ''Monochilus'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. * ''Newcastelia'' F.Muell. * ''Oncinocalyx'' F.Muell. * ''Oxera'' Labill. * ''Peronema'' Jack * ''Petitia'' Jacq. * ''Petraeovitex'' Oliv. * ''Physopsis'' Turcz. * ''Pityrodia'' R.Br. * ''Premna'' L. * ''Pseudocarpidium'' Millsp. * ''Pseudocaryopteris'' P.D.Cantino * ''Rotheca'' Raf. * ''Schnabelia'' Hand.-Mazz. * ''Spartothamnella'' Briq. * ''Sphenodesme'' Jack * ''Symphorema'' Roxb. * ''Teak, Tectona'' L.f. * ''Teijsmanniodendron'' Koord. * ''Teucridium'' Hook.f. * ''Tripora'' P.D.Cantino * ''Vitex'' L. ;Moved to Oleaceae: * ''Dimetra (plant), Dimetra'' Kerr * ''Nyctanthes'' L. ;Moved to Orobanchaceae: * ''Asepalum'' Marais * ''Cyclocheilon'' Oliv. * ''Nesogenes'' A.DC. ;Moved to Phrymaceae: * ''Phryma'' L. ;Moved to Stilbaceae: * ''Campylostachys'' Kunth * ''Euthystachys'' A.DC. * ''Stilbe (plant), Stilbe'' P.J.Bergius * ''Thesmophora'' Rourke

References

External links

* *
Verbenaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF
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BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
{{Authority control Verbenaceae, Lamiales families