'Vecino' means either "
neighbour" or resident in modern
Spanish. Historically in the Spanish Empire it referred instead to a householder of considerable social position in a town or a city, and was similar to "
freeman
Freeman, free men, Freeman's or Freemans may refer to:
Places United States
* Freeman, Georgia, an unincorporated community
* Freeman, Illinois, an unincorporated community
* Freeman, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Freeman, South Dako ...
" or "freeholder."
Historical use
In the
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy (political entity), Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered ...
, a ' was a person who had a house and home in a town or city and contributed to its expenses, not necessarily living nearby; or a local figure of some worth but not an aristocrat, often the ''
encomendero'' holding land in the surrounding countryside with a house within a nearby city. A person with a house in a place that he contributes to can be a ' without living there.
[ " n Americavecindad became a social construction ... that granted rights. The gap between Spanish vecinos and ... outsiders widened."] In the Empire the term implied a certain social status, with a meaning similar to "freeman" or "freeholder".
In 17th century
Seville
Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...
, a ' was a person who had received citizenship (') from the city, and had clearly defined rights and financial obligations. A ''residente'' (resident) had permanent residence, but did not have the rights and obligations of a '.
In the American colonies a ''vecino'' was sometimes a person of relatively high status, more than just free.
[ In the "Indies" (Indias)—the American colonies such as the ]Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata or Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires ( or Virreinato de Buenos Aires or ) meaning "River of the Silver", also called the "Viceroyalty of River Plate" in some scholarly writings, in southern South America, was ...
—a ' had to be married, living in the location, a property-owner, and of good public reputation.[Fundadores de la patria - BUENOS AIRES, CAPITAL DEL VIRREINATO Y LA REVOLUCION DE MAYO DE 1810]
There were military formations of ', and only ' were summoned to an open cabildo (an extraordinary open meeting of the administrative council). Although many laws referred to ', and others specified qualifications of residence, property, and respectability, the term ' as such was in general use and not explicitly defined.
In the Viceroyalty, the status of ''vecino'' was important enough that the sons and daughters of ' who did not themselves qualify were referred to as ''hijo de vecino'' (son or daughter of a '), and qualified for some privileges. According to the relevant laws, the Leyes de Indias, IV, V, 8: "the sons nd daughtersand legitimate descendants of the residents are honoured with the title ''well-born sons r daughtersfrom a known location'' ijosdalgos de solar conocidoso that the population of that place (according to law 6 of book IV) and others of the Indies .e., Americasshould know them as such and as people of noble lineage, granting them all honours and privileges due to the well-born and gentlemen of Castile."[Original: A los hijos y descendientes legitimos de los pobladores se los honraba con el titulo de HIJOSDALGOS DE SOLAR CONOCIDO, para que en aquella poblacion (dice la Ley 6, del Libro IV) y otras de las Indias, sean tenidas por tales y como personas de noble linaje, concediendoseles todas las honras y preminencias que deben haber y gozar los HIJOSDALGOS y CABALLEROS de Castilla.]
See also
* Medieval household
References
External links
*{{Cite book, url=http://www.iberconceptos.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/DPSMI-I-bloque-CIUDADANO-VECINO.pdf, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924182653/http://www.iberconceptos.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/DPSMI-I-bloque-CIUDADANO-VECINO.pdf, url-status=usurped, archive-date=24 September 2020, title=Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano - La era de las revoluciones, 1750-1850 berconceptos-Ichapter=2: Ciudadano/vecino, author=Cristóbal Aljovin de Losada, pages=177–304 , publisher=Fundación Carolina - Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales - Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, location=Madrid, year=2009, language=es, isbn=978-84-259-1462-1 A detailed article about the dual relationship "ciudadano" ("citizen", i.e., "of a city" at that time)/"vecino" in Spanish America.
Spanish colonization of the Americas