Variegatorubin is a
pulvinic acid
Pulvinic acids are natural chemical pigments found in some lichens, derived biosynthetically from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, via dimerization and oxidative ring-cleavage of arylpyruvic acids, a process that also produces ...
derivative. It is a red
pigment
A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic comp ...
that is present in many members of the
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes ...
, an
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...
of the division
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basi ...
. It is generated from the
oxidation
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a ...
of
variegatic acid
Variegatic acid (3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxypulvinic acid) is an orange pigment found in some mushrooms. It is responsible for the bluing reaction seen in many bolete mushrooms when they are injured. When mushroom tissue containing variegatic acid is e ...
.
Bolete
{{refimprove, date=July 2020
A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique mushroom cap. The cap is clearly different from the stem. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy su ...
species that contain variegatorubin include ''
Neoboletus luridiformis
''Neoboletus praestigator'', also previously known as ''Neoboletus luridiformis'', ''Boletus luridiformis'' and (invalidly) as ''Boletus erythropus'', is a fungus of the bolete family, all of which produce mushrooms with tubes and pores benea ...
'', ''
Chalciporus piperatus
''Chalciporus piperatus'', commonly known as the peppery bolete, is a small pored mushroom of the family Boletaceae found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America. It has been recorded under introduced trees in Brazil, and has become n ...
'', ''
Rhizopogon roseolus'', ''
Exsudoporus frostii'', ''
Suillellus luridus
''Suillellus luridus'' (formerly ''Boletus luridus''), commonly known as the lurid bolete, is a fungus of the family Boletaceae, found in calcareous broadleaved woodlands in Europe. Fruit bodies appear in summer and autumn and may be locally a ...
'', ''
Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus
''Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus'' is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as ''Boletus rhodoxanthus'', it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus '' Rubroboletus'', based on DNA data.
It prod ...
'', and ''
R. satanas''.
Variegatorubin was discovered by
Wolfgang Steglich
Wolfgang Steglich (born 12 August 1933) is a German chemist .
Life
Wolfgang Steglich was born in Kamenz and studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin and later at the Technical University of Munich where he received his PhD in 196 ...
and colleagues, and described as a new compound in 1970.
References
{{Reflist, refs=
[{{cite book , author1=Gill, M. , author2=Steglich, W. , title=Pigments of Fungi (Macromycetes) , series=Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products , volume=51 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvTnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 , year=2012 , publisher=Springer Science & Business Media , isbn=978-3-7091-6971-1 , pages=1–297 (see p. 35)]
[{{cite journal , author1=Steglich, W. , author2=Furtner, W. , author3=Prox, A. , title=Variegatorubin, an oxidation product of variegatic acid from ''Suillus piperatus'' (Bull. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze and other Boletaceae , journal=Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B , volume=5 , year=1970 , page=557, doi=10.1515/znb-1970-0529 , s2cid=95770276 , doi-access=free ]
Biological pigments
Polyphenols
Lactones