Valarin

Valarin is a fictional language in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien. One of the languages of Arda in Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, Valarin is the language spoken by the Valar. As immortal spiritual beings, the Valar have the ability to communicate through thought, with no need for a spoken language, but it appears that it was adopted as part of their assumption of physical, humanlike forms.

External history

Tolkien at first decided that Valarin, the tongue of the Valar as it is called in the Elvish language Quenya, would be the proto-language of the Elves, the tongue Oromë taught to the speechless Elves. He then developed the Valarin tongue and a grammar for it in the early 1930s., ch. 7 '' The Lhammas'' In the 1940s, he decided to drop that idea, and the tongue he had developed became Primitive Quendian instead. He then conceived an entirely new tongue for the Valar, still called Valarin in Quenya., pp. 397–407

Internal story

The Valar as spiritual immortal beings have the ability to communicate through thought and have no need for a spoken language, but it appears that Valarin develops because of their assumption of physical, humanlike (or elf-like) forms. Valarin is unrelated to the other languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien. Only a few words (mainly proper names) of Valarin are recorded by the Elves.

Early conception

According to the earlier conception set forth in Tolkien's sociolinguistic text, the '' Lhammas'', the Valarin language family is subdivided into Oromëan, the Dwarves' Khuzdul (Aulëan), and Melkor's Black Speech. In this work, all Elvish languages are descended from the tongue of Oromë, while the Dwarves speak the tongue devised by Aulë, and the Black Speech of the Orcs is invented for them by Melkor. ch. 7 "The Lhammas" Tolkien placed Valarin at the root of each version of his " Tree of Tongues", indicating that in his conception at the time of the ''Lhammas'', it was the original language from which developed all the languages of Middle-earth. Tolkien attributed his "Descent of Tongues" to the Elvish linguist Rúmil, in one of his frame stories. His biographer John Garth comments that while Rúmil's lack of omniscience might seem convenient, saving Tolkien from having to work on Valarin in any detail, "the unknown is essential to the legendarium, part of the illusion of depth so vital to its aura of authenticity."

The structure of the root of the first "Tree of Tongues" in the ''Lhammas'' is:

Later conception

Valarin is alien to the ears of the Elves sometimes to the point of genuine displeasure, p. 398 and few of them ever learn the language, only adopting some Valarin words into their own language, Quenya. The Valar know Quenya and use it to converse with the Elves, or with each other if Elves are present. Valarin contains sounds that the Elves find difficult to produce, and the words are mostly long; for example, the Valarin word for Telperion, one of the Two Trees of Valinor, ''Ibrîniðilpathânezel'', has eight syllables. The Vanyar adopt more words into their Vanyarin Tarquesta dialect from Valarin than the Noldor, as they lived closer to the Valar. Some of the Elven names of the Valar, such as Manwë, Ulmo, and Oromë, are adapted loanwords of their Valarin names.

Grammar

Almost nothing is known of the grammar of Valarin. A plural is formed with ''-um-'' as an infix; so, ''Mâchanâz'' becomes in the plural ''Mâchanumâz'', meaning "Authorities, Aratar".

Verb endings are not explained. Tolkien gives ''akašân'' as "he says" (present tense); ''dušamanûðân '' is "marred" (passive participle) and '' amanaišal'' as "unmarred" (hence Aman, the unmarred continent of the Valar), but he does not supply the roots of the associated verbs. The linguist Helge Fauskanger notes that the exact structure of the endings for these verb forms cannot be determined from this limited evidence.

One other possibility relates to the word ''ayanûz'', meaning Ainu, one of the Valar or Maiar; Fauskanger notes that Tolkien states that ''ayanu-'' means "the name of the Spirits of Eru's first creation", perhaps suggesting that from that root, ''ayanûz'' might be the nominative singular form.

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{{Languages of Middle-earth

Tolkien linguistic studies
Middle-earth languages