Vadim Evgenievich Lashkaryov (October 7, 1903 – December 1, 1974), a prominent Soviet

experimental physicist Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...

, was born in

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

, to a family of a lawyer. He was an Academician of the

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , ; ''NAN Ukrainy'') is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of Science and technology in Ukraine, science and technology by coordinatin ...

and is known for his fundamental contributions to physics of semiconductors.

Career

Lashkaryov graduated from the Kiev Institute for People Education (as the

Kiev University The Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (; also known as Kyiv University, Shevchenko University, or KNU) is a public university in Kyiv, Ukraine. The university is the third-oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and ...

was termed at that time) in 1924. He started his research work on the diffraction of X-rays in the

Kiev Polytechnic Institute The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute ( KPI, ; official full title National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a national public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine. Name In the long period of existenc ...

and continued it in the newly established Institute of Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. In 1928 he moved to Physical-Technical Institute in

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

(currently

Ioffe Institute The Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute, ) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics and technology. The institute was established in 1918 in Petrograd (now St. ...

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

), where he performed first in the Soviet Union experiments on

electron diffraction Electron diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of electron beams due to elastic interactions with atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering, when there is no change in the energy of the electrons. ...

. After a forced stay in

Archangelsk Arkhangelsk (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river and numerous islands o ...

, where he taught physics in the local Medical Institute, Lashkaryov returned to Kiev in 1939, where he switched to physics of semiconductors. In 1941 Lashkaryouv published his fundamental discovery, the presence of a semiconductor layer between the barrier layer and the adjacent electrode, and the opposite sign of charge carriers (electrons and holes) on both sides of a barrier layer in

solar cells A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.

of Cu₂O and

silver sulphide Silver sulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula . A dense black solid, it is the only sulfide of silver. It is useful as a photosensitizer in photography. It constitutes the tarnish that forms over time on silverware and other silver obje ...

photocells and selenium rectifiers.V. E. Lashkaryov, Investigation of a barrier layer by the thermoprobe method, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 5, 442–446 (1941), English translation: Ukr. J. Phys. 53, 53–56 (2008)
PDF
. In current terms, this was a discovery of ''p''–''n'' junctions around the rectifying layers in these systems. This discovery was made by measuring the sign change of thermo-e.m.f. on both sides of the rectifying layer by using miniature thermoprobes. During World War II, Lashkaryov worked in the city of Ufa on cuprous-oxide devices for defense needs. After World War II, back in Kiev, Lashkaryov investigated bipolar diffusion of photo-carriers in cuprous oxide, photoconductivity of

CdS CDS, CDs, Cds, etc. may refer to: Finance * Canadian Depository for Securities, Canadian post-trade financial services company * Certificate of deposit (CDs) * Counterfeit Deterrence System, developed by the Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence ...

and

CdSe Cadmium selenide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cd Se. It is a black to red-black solid that is classified as a II-VI semiconductor of the n-type. It is a pigment, but applications are declining because of environmental concerns. ...

, and also on Ge diodes and

transistors A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch electrical signals and electric power, power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semicondu ...

. In 1960 Lashkaryov founded in Kiev the Institute of Semiconductors of the

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , ; ''NAN Ukrainy'') is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of Science and technology in Ukraine, science and technology by coordinatin ...

that currently carries his name. He also established a Chair in semiconductor physics in the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev.

References

External links

* Page of the V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of NAS of Ukraine, http://isp.kiev.ua/ * N. N. Bogolyubov, B. M. Vul, S. G. Kalashnikov, S. I. Pekar, É. I. Rashba, O. V. Snitko, K. B. Tolpygo and M. K. Sheinkman, Vadim Evgen'evich Lashkarev (obituary), Sov. Phys. Usp. 18, 842 (1975) doi:10.1070/PU1975v018n10ABEH005232, http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670/18/10/M07/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Lashkaryov, Vadim Experimental physicists Soviet physicists 20th-century Ukrainian physicists 1903 births 1974 deaths Burials at Baikove Cemetery Scientists from Kyiv

Career

See also

References

External links