V. N. Janaki Ramachandran

Vaikom Narayani Janaki (30 November 1923 – 19 May 1996), also known as Janaki Ramachandran, was an Indian actress, politician, and philanthropist who served as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1988 for 23 days after the death of her husband, the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.). She was the first woman to become the chief minister in Tamil Nadu. She was also the first actress to become the chief minister in the history of the Republic of India.

Background

Janaki was born in the town of Vaikom in Kottayam district of Travancore. Her mother, Narayani Amma was a Malayali Nair from Travancore Kingdom. Her father, Rajagopal Iyer, was a Tamil Brahmin born and brought up in Palakkad, Kerala, brother of the musician and composer Papanasam Sivan.

In 1939, aged 17, Janaki married actor Ganapathy Bhat (1915–1972). Janaki and Ganapati Bhat had a son named Surendran.

Film career

Janaki's early films were ''Manmatha Vijayam'' (1939) and ''Savithri''(1941). ''Chandralekha'' in 1948 brought her popularity.

Janaki acted with Ramachandran in films like ''Raja Mukthi'' and ''Mohini''. She continued acting, with films like '' Velaikaari'' and '' Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi'' until 1950. By her preference, Janaki opted to stop movie acting by 1953. Following the death of Ramachandran's second wife Sadananthavathi in 1962, she moved in with him. They legally married in 1962. Ramachandran, who was childless in his three marriages, is said to have taken an affectionate interest in the well-being of Surendran, her son from her first marriage.

Political career

Janaki was not politically active during Ramachandran's life with only a handful of public appearances in AIADMK's early days. Ramachandran groomed other young leaders of his party for political responsibility, including the actress J. Jayalalithaa, with whom he was said to share a great professional rapport.

When Ramachandran suffered a paralytic stroke in 1984, she became the intermediary between him and the party.
Due to his death in 1987, Janaki was asked by party members to take his place.

Chief Minister, 1988

In deference to their wishes, she became Chief minister in January 1988. Her government lasted only 24 days, the shortest in the history of Tamil Nadu.

Her ministry went for a sensitive vote of confidence of the Eighth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in January 1988. This was because AIADMK coalition with 194 MLAs had split into 3 factions, with one group of 30 MLAs supporting her rival Jayalalithaa and another group of 101 MLAs supporting Janaki. The Congress party, under the directive of its national chief and then PM Rajiv Gandhi, had decided to vote neutral. The opposition demanded secret ballot in the assembly, on the day of vote. But the speaker, who supported Janaki, rejected this. He had already disqualified the 30 MLAs of Jayalalithaa faction and 15 MLAs of DMK the previous day. He had also decreed that the support of MLAs physically present in the assembly at the time of vote was sufficient. So instead of proving majority in 234 with just 101, Janaki had to prove majority in 198. When the speaker called for vote, DMK and AIADMK MLAs clashed in assembly and many were injured including the speaker. On speaker's request, the CM called police into the house. The speaker announced unilaterally that the cabinet had won motion of confidence.

The central government under Rajiv Gandhi used Article 356 of the Constitution of India to dismiss her government in February.The Election Commission of India froze the "Two Leaves" symbol on 17 December 1988 and given Janaki with Double Pigeon symbol name of AIADMK (JA) and Jayalalithaa with Cock symbol name of AIADMK (J). Her party was subsequently defeated in the next elections that were held in 1989. She quit politics after the unification of the two factions of the AIADMK. Janaki is one of the few chief ministers to have not won any legislative elections.

Death

She died of a cardiac arrest on 19 May 1996. She was buried beside her residence at MGR Thottam in Raamapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Legacy

VN Janaki gifted her property in V.P. Raman Salai in honour of her husband to the AIADMK. It subsequently became the headquarters of the party in 1986. She was the founder chairman of The Satya Educational & Charitable Society managing many free educational institutions in Chennai. She gave property worth many million of dollars for the establishment of educational and charitable institutions in Tamil Nadu. She was also instrumental in setting up the Janaki Ramachandran Educational & Charitable Trust.

Filmography

''This is a partial filmography. You can expand it.''

1930s

1940s

1950s

Elections contested and positions held

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections

Positions in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

See also

* Kollywood
* Dr. M.G.R. Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women
* Dr. MGR Home and Higher Secondary School for the Speech and Hearing Impaired

Notes

References

External links

Dr.MGR Home & Higher Secondary School for the Speech & Hearing Impaired

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janaki, V N
1924 births
1996 deaths
20th-century Indian actresses
20th-century Indian politicians
20th-century Indian women politicians
Actresses from Kottayam
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
Indian actor-politicians
M. G. Ramachandran
People from the Kingdom of Travancore
People from Vaikom
Politicians from Kottayam
Women chief ministers of Indian states
Women from the Kingdom of Travancore
Women in Tamil Nadu politics