A doctor of both laws, from the Latin , , or ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID), is a

scholar A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a termina ...

who has acquired a

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...

in both civil and church law. The degree was common among

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

and German scholars of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the

Pontifical Lateran University The Pontifical Lateran University (; ), also known as Lateranum, is a pontifical university based in Rome. The university also hosts the central session of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. The university ...

after a period of six years of study, by the University of Würzburg, and by the

University of Fribourg The University of Fribourg (; ) is a public university located in Fribourg, Switzerland. The roots of the university can be traced back to 1580, when the notable Jesuit Peter Canisius founded the Collège Saint-Michel in the City of Fribourg ...

, as well as the

University of Cologne The University of Cologne () is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was established in 1388. It closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919. It is now one of the largest universities in Germany with around 45,187 students. The Universit ...

. Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries, European students of law mastered the ''Ius commune'', a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws". or of "Licentiatus of both laws".

Doctors of Civil and Canon Law

* Antonio Agliardi,

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals * Arregui Yarza, Antonio, Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil,

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

* Thomas Bach * Bernardo Bembo *

Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV (; ; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope Benedict X (1058–1059) is now con ...

* Bevilacqua, Anthony, Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA) * Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin * St. Charles Borromeo * Edoardo Borromeo * Sebastian Brant * Giacomo Luigi Brignole * Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844) * Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo * Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès * Giovanni Battista Caprara * Filippo Giudice Caracciolo * Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto * Francesco Carafa di Trajetto * Carafa, Pierluigi (iuniore),

, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Dean of the College of Cardinals * Luigi Dadaglio, Cardinal, Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary * Antonio Despuig y Dameto * Michele di Pietro * Domenico Ferrata, Cardinal, Secretary of State * Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti * Michael J. Fitzgerald, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of PhiladelphiaOfficial Biography. * Enrico Gasparri, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura * Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal, Secretary of State, codifier of

1917 Code of Canon Law The 1917 ''Code of Canon Law'' (abbreviated 1917 CIC, from its Latin title ), also referred to as the Pio-Benedictine Code,Dr. Edward Peters accessed June-9-2013 is the first official comprehensive codification (law), codification of Canon law ...

* Pietro Giannelli * Giacomo Giustiniani *

Józef Glemp Józef Glemp (18 December 192923 January 2013) was a Polish Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was List of bishops and archbishops of Warsaw, Archbishop of Warsaw from 1981 to 2006, and was elevated to the cardinalate ...

, Cardinal, late Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw (

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

) *Archbishop Filippo Iannone, appointed Vicegerent of the

Diocese of Rome The Diocese of Rome (; ), also called the Vicariate of Rome, is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church under the direct jurisdiction of the pope, who is Bishop of Rome and hence the supreme pontiff and head of the worldwide Catholic Church. As ...

31 January 2012 * Stephan Kuttner, Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law * Carlo Laurenzi *

Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII (; born Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2March 181020July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. He had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of Peter the Ap ...

* Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of Sant'Agata de' Goti * Listecki, Jerome Edward, Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA) * Vincenzo Macchi * Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei * Teodolfo Mertel, last lay cardinal in the Catholic Church * Denzil Meuli, priest of the diocese of Auckland * Alfonso Ortiz, editor of the Mozarabic Missal (1500) and Breviary (1502) * J. K. Paasikivi, President of Finland * Giovanni Panico, cardinal and nuncio * Salvatore Pappalardo, Cardinal, Archbishop of Palermo (

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

) * Thomas J. Paprocki, Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois (USA) * Peters, Edward N., Catholic University of America, 1991 * Luigi Poggi, Cardinal,

Archivist An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records maintained by an archivist can cons ...

and Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church * Mario Francesco Pompedda, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura * Pietro Respighi, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran * Gabriele della Genga Sermattei * K. J. Ståhlberg, President of Finland * Alessandro Verde, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (Italy) * Pietro Vidoni * Carlo Maria Viganò, Archbishop at the centre of the Vatileaks scandal * Jan Wężyk * Jean-Baptiste van Dievoet (1775-1862) JUL (Juris Utriusque Licentiatus) of the

Old University of Leuven The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the Medieval university, university, or ''studium generale'', founded in Leuven, Duchy of Brabant, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium ...

. *

Antonín Theodor Colloredo-Waldsee Antonín Theodor von Colloredo-Waldsee (also: ''Colloredo-Waldsee-Melz'' or ''Colloredo-Melz und Waldsee'') (17 July 1729 – 12 November 1811) was a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Antonín was ...

, Cardinal, Archbishop of Olomouc

References

{{Academic degrees Laws, Doctor Law degrees Religious degrees Dual academic degrees Academic canon law *

Doctors of Civil and Canon Law

See also

References