Uthman ibn Ibrahim was a

Karakhanid The Kara-Khanid Khanate (; ), also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids (), was a Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia in the 9th through the early 13th century. The dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek Kh ...

ruler in

Transoxiana Transoxiana or Transoxania (Land beyond the Oxus) is the Latin name for a region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to modern-day eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Tu ...

from 1204 to 1212.

Biography

Uthman was the son of the Karakhanid Ibrahim ibn Hussein (1178-1202/1203).Karev, Yury. "Qarakhanid wall paintings in the citadel of Samarqand: first report and preliminary observations." Muqarnas 22 (2005), p.80. According to Karev, Uthman came to power in 1202/1203. His residence was in Samarkand. According to Aufi, who knew him personally, Uthman was a highly educated person.Karev, Yury. "Qarakhanid wall paintings in the citadel of Samarqand: first report and preliminary observations." Muqarnas 22 (2005), p.81. Uthman led a policy of maneuvering between the

Qara Khitai The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (), also known as the Western Liao (), officially the Great Liao (), was a Sinicized dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The Qara Khitai is considered by historians to be a ...

and the Khwarezmshah Muhammad b. Tekish. He bore a high Turkic title (ulug sultan as-salatin).Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.), History of Civilisations of Central Asia, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, p. 134-135. However, Uthman soon went over to the side of the Qara Khitans. Later he entered into an alliance with Muhammad Khwarezmshah as a vassal of the latter. In 1209-10, coins were minted in the name of these rulers. After the recognition of the power of the Khwarezmshahs by Uthman, other Karakhanids who ruled in

Ferghana Fergana ( uz, Fargʻona/Фарғона, ), or Ferghana, is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km west of Andijan, and less than 20 km ...

followed his example. Uthman married the daughter of Khwarezmshah Muhammad b. Tekish and went to live in Khwarezm. He returned to Samarkand, accompanied by the

Khwarezm Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the ...

military. Uthman was dissatisfied with the Khwarezmians and revolted in 1211. In 1212 Muhammad b. Tekish invaded the

Kara-Khanid Khanate The Kara-Khanid Khanate (; ), also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids (), was a Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia in the 9th through the early 13th century. The dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek ...

, conquered

Samarkand fa, سمرقند , native_name_lang = , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from the top: Registan square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, view inside Shah-i-Zi ...

, and massacred the entire population. Uthman was executed following Samarkand's downfall.

References

Sources

* *{{cite book , title=The New Islamic Dynasties , first=C.E. , last=Bosworth , publisher=Columbia University Press , year=1996 * Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.), History of Civilisations of Central Asia, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, p. 134-135. * Kochnev B.D. Numizmaticheskaya istoriya Karakhanidskogo kaganata (991—1209 gg.). Moskva «Sofiya», 2006. 1212 deaths Turkic rulers 13th-century Turkic people Year of birth unknown 13th-century rulers in Asia