Upright and Wing, also referred to as Temple and Wing or Gable and Wing, is a residential

architectural style An architectural style is a classification of buildings (and nonbuilding structures) based on a set of characteristics and features, including overall appearance, arrangement of the components, method of construction, building materials used, for ...

found in American

vernacular architecture Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range a ...

of New England and the Upper Midwest, specifically associated with the American Greek Revival. It was popular from the mid- to late 19th century and is typified by a

gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

ended "upright" section, usually two stories, and a one-story

ell An ell (from Proto-Germanic *''alinō'', cognate with Latin ''ulna'') is a northwestern European unit of measurement, originally understood as a cubit (the combined length of the forearm and extended hand). The word literally means "arm", an ...

or "wing" section.

Characteristics and elements

As a type of non-stylistic folk architecture, Upright and Wing houses were generally designed and built by tradesmen as opposed to the owners of the houses.Historic Structural Survey - New Lenox Township
, (

PDF Portable document format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe Inc., Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, computer hardware, ...

), ''Will County Land Use Department'', 2003, Chapter 1, p.1, accessed April 15, 2007. Most Upright and Wing houses are characterized by four main traits. Nearly all are 1½–2 stories,

roofed, and feature a vertical upright portion that is usually two stories and a

perpendicular In geometry, two geometric objects are perpendicular if they intersect at right angles, i.e. at an angle of 90 degrees or π/2 radians. The condition of perpendicularity may be represented graphically using the '' perpendicular symbol'', � ...

side section known as the wing. The wing is an

that is generally 1 story but can be the same height as the upright section.Reilly Brandy. https://people.uwec.edu/ivogeler/w367/styles/s48.htm, Created June 6, 1997, updated June 5, 2002, ''University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire'', Department of Geography and Anthropology, accessed March 28, 2018. Though usually non-stylistic, there are minor variations within the style. Upright and Wing houses were laid out in either an L-plan or T-plan. The ell usually has

bedroom A bedroom or bedchamber is a room situated within a residential or accommodation unit characterized by its usage for sleeping. A typical Western world, western bedroom contains as bedroom furniture one or two beds, a clothes closet, and bedsid ...

s and the

kitchen A kitchen is a room (architecture), room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment. A modern middle-class residential kitchen is typically equipped with a Kitchen stove, stove, a sink ...

while the upright holds a

parlor A parlour (or parlor) is a reception room or public space. In medieval Christian Europe, the "outer parlour" was the room where the monks or nuns conducted business with those outside the monastery and the "inner parlour" was used for necessary ...

staircase A stairwell or stair room is a room in a building where a stair is located, and is used to connect walkways between floors so that one can move in height. Collectively, a set of stairs and a stairwell is referred to as a staircase or stairway ...

, and additional bedrooms. Early examples (c.1830–50) have the main entry on the upright portion of the house. Post-1850 examples usually shifted the entryway to the ell portion of the house. Upright and Wing enjoyed a lengthy period of popularity which partially coincided with the popularity of

Greek Revival architecture Greek Revival architecture is a architectural style, style that began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in northern Europe, the United States, and Canada, ...

in the United States. Thus, Upright and Wing houses are often adorned with

pilaster In architecture, a pilaster is both a load-bearing section of thickened wall or column integrated into a wall, and a purely decorative element in classical architecture which gives the appearance of a supporting column and articulates an ext ...

cornice In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian ''cornice'' meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative Moulding (decorative), moulding that crowns a building or furniture element—for example, the cornice over a door or window, ar ...

returns and wide

entablature An entablature (; nativization of Italian , from "in" and "table") is the superstructure of moldings and bands which lies horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and ...

s. Yarmouth Architectural & Site Design Guidelines Addendum
, (

), ''Town of Yarmouth'' (

Yarmouth, Massachusetts Yarmouth ( ) is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States, on Cape Cod. The population was 25,023 at the 2020 census. The town is made up of three major villages: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth, and Yarmouth Port. History ...

), p. 3, accessed April 15, 2008.

Prominence

The Upright and Wing style was mostly associated with

New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...

and the New Englanders who settled the

Great Lakes region The Great Lakes region of Northern America is a binational Canadian– American region centered on the Great Lakes that includes the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and the Ca ...

.Architectural Styles
" ''City of Fort Wayne'', Community Development Division - Strategic Planning - Historic Preservation, accessed April 15, 2008. A folk style that was developed for the rural settings, Upright and Wing enjoyed wide usage in both rural and urban settings. The style was popular for much of the 19th century spanning a time period from c. 1830–90. The form is known as Temple and Wing in some academic circles. One of the best known examples of a gable-and-wing is the Governor Charles M. Croswell House in Adrian, Michigan. Croswell helped his uncle Daniel Hicks build this house in the early 1840s when he was a teenager and later purchased the home from his widowed aunt. Since 1927, the Lucy Wolcott Barnum Chapter of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution has maintained the home as their local chapter meeting house.

Notes

{{Reflist Greek Revival architecture House styles American architectural styles

Characteristics and elements

Prominence

See also

Notes