Updown Girl
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Updown Girl is the name given to the skeletal remains of a young
Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons, in some contexts simply called Saxons or the English, were a Cultural identity, cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. They traced t ...
girl discovered at an early 7th-century burial site close to Updown House in
Eastry Eastry is a village and civil parish in the Dover district, in Kent, England, around southwest of Sandwich. It was voted "Kent Village of the Year 2005". The parish includes the hamlets of Heronden and Selson. In 2011 the parish had a populatio ...
,
Kent Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...
, England. Although first found in 1989, the Updown Girl aroused new interest in 2022 when modern analysis of her DNA indicated she had some
West African West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Ma ...
ancestry, with evidence suggesting her paternal grandfather or possibly her great-grandfather came from either the Esan or Yoruba population groups.


Background

Updown early medieval cemetery was discovered in 1973 through the use of
aerial photography Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flight, airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videography. Platforms for aerial photography include fixed-wi ...
and first excavated in 1976. The cemetery covers an area roughly and contains an estimated 300 burials; around a quarter of the site has been excavated. Thirty-six graves were excavated in 1976 and another 41 were excavated in 1989 (excluding some graves from the 1976 campaign which were re-opened). Twenty-one of the excavated burials contained children.


Discovery

Updown Girl was discovered during excavations in 1989 at Updown early medieval cemetery, occupying grave 47. The grave was oriented roughly east to west and measured long, wide and deep. Grave 47 was located near the north end of the excavated area close to a number of other burials; graves 37, 38, 41, 42, 45, 50, and 51 were all within of Updown Girl. Graves 34 and 45 contained relatives, possibly Updown Girl's great aunts. Updown Girl is estimated to have died in the early 7th century at around the age of ten or eleven.
Grave goods Grave goods, in archaeology and anthropology, are items buried along with a body. They are usually personal possessions, supplies to smooth the deceased's journey into an afterlife, or offerings to gods. Grave goods may be classed by researche ...
accompanying her burial were typical of the local culture of the period.


Grave goods

Grave goods were ubiquitous in early medieval England and are found in graves as early as the 5th century, though they became less common in the 8th century. The possible meanings of grave goods vary greatly, depending on culture and context: they include expressions of identity and status, items for use in the afterlife, and gifts to the deceased. Updown Girl was buried with a pot, a bone comb, a knife, a spoon, and a strap. The assemblage, like much of the cemetery, can be broadly dated to the 7th century. The knife was too damaged to match to an existing typology.
Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages, a group of Low Germanic languages also commonly referred to as "Frankish" varieties * Francia, a post-Roman ...
wheel-thrown pottery was found in five graves at the cemetery, including that of Updown Girl, evidence of Kent's connections to mainland Europe. Just two bone combs (or possibly made from antler) and iron spoons were found in the cemetery, one comb and spoon in each of grave 47 (Updown Girl) and grave 45, the burial of an individual aged 16–24 who was possibly Updown Girl's great aunt.


DNA analysis

Analysis of Updown Girl's remains was carried out as part of a research project which used modern DNA and isotope analysis to shed light on migrations into Britain in the post-Roman period. The results indicated that she had some West African ancestry, with evidence suggesting her paternal grandfather or possibly her great-grandfather came from either the Esan or Yoruba population groups. The study was undertaken jointly by the
University of Central Lancashire The University of Lancashire (previously abbreviated UCLan) is a public university based in the city of Preston, Lancashire, England. It has its roots in ''The Institution For The Diffusion Of Useful Knowledge'', founded in 1828. Previously k ...
and the
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (, shortened to MPI EVA) is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, that was founded in 1997. It is part of the Max Planck Society network. Well-known scientists currently based at ...
of Leipzig, and for their investigation researchers re-examined 460 skeletons from 37 archaeological sites across Britain and Europe, using recent DNA and isotope techniques to plot shifts in population. DNA analysis showed a high proportion of those living in the South Eastern parts of England in the 7th century – up to 76% – had genetic links with Continental Northern Europe, particularly with regions corresponding to modern Germany and Denmark. Analysis of the skeletons of two women buried near the girl indicates they were related to her, being probably either her aunts or great-aunts. Both were of predominantly Continental North European ancestry with some Franco-Belgian admixture. There appears to have been no distinction made between them and the Updown Girl, either in the location of the burials or in the type of grave goods accompanying the remains. Carly Hilts, editor of ''
Current Archaeology ''Current Archaeology'' is a British monthly archaeology magazine. Summary ''Current Archaeology'' describes itself as the "United Kingdom's best selling archaeology magazine", a claim substantiated by British Archaeological Jobs and Resources o ...
'', observed that: "She was accompanied by very typical grave goods ... and there was nothing to suggest that she had been treated differently, at least in death, even though the new genetic research highlights that her ancestry was very different to that of many of the people buried around her."


See also

*
History of Kent Kent is a traditional county in South East England with long-established human occupation. Prehistoric Kent Recent excavations and radiometric dating at a Lower Palaeolithic site at the West Gravel Pit, Fordwich, near Canterbury confirmed th ...


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Bibliography

* * * * * {{refend 1989 archaeological discoveries History of Kent Burials in Kent 7th century in England Human remains (archaeological) 7th-century women