An ''upazila'' ( pronounced: ), formerly called ''thana'', is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads). Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government. Below UPs, villages (''gram'') and ''para'' exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing ''thanas'' as ''upazilas''.

History

Upazilas were formerly known as ''thana'', which literally means police station. Despite the meaning, thanas functioned much as an administrative and geographic region, much as today's upazilas. In 1982, thanas were re-termed to as upazilas with provisions for semi-autonomous local governance. This system was reverted to the thana system in 1992. Later in 1999, geographic regions under administrations of thanas were converted into upazilas. All administrative terms in this level were renamed from ''thana'' to ''upazila''. For instance, thana nirbahi officer (lit. thana executive officer) was renamed upazila nirbahi officer (lit. upazila executive officer). The word ''thana'' is now used to solely refer to ''police stations''. Generally, there is one police station for each upazila, but larger administrative units may have more than one police station covering different regions. However, it was complicated again and currently, Upazilas which combinely form "Administrative Districts" are known as Thanas. For example: Panchlaish Thana, Double Mooring Thana under Chittagong district. On 26 July 2021, Khandker Anwarul Islam announced the renaming of Dakshin Sunamganj Upazila to "''Shantiganj Upazila''" as well as the creation of three new upazilas; Eidgaon Upazila in Cox's Bazar District, Madhyanagar Upazila in Sunamganj District and Dasar Upazila in Madaripur District.

Administration

Upazila nirbahi officer

Upazila nirbahi officer (UNO, or upazila executive officer; ) is a non-elected administrator in an ''upazila''. UNOs are senior assistant secretary of Bangladesh Civil Service (Administration) Cadre. They act as executive officer of the upazila under the elected posts.

Upazila parishad

Each upazila parishad (or council) has a chairperson called ''chairman'', a ''vice-chairman'' and a ''woman vice-chairman''. All three are elected through direct popular election. Union parishad chairmen within the upazila are considered as the members of the ''porishod''. The post of a ''woman vice-chairman'' was created to ensure at least one-third woman representation in the all elected posts of the local government. On 22 January 2010, the first election in 18 years of upazila porishod was held.

Lists of upazilas

References

External links

Statoids

{{Articles on third-level administrative divisions of countries Upazilas Subdivisions of Bangladesh Lists of subdivisions of Bangladesh Bangladesh 3 Hussain Muhammad Ershad