United Nations Security Council Resolution 2023 was unanimously adopted on 5 December 2011.
Resolution
Concerned at the potential use of the Eritrean mining sector as a financial source to destabilize the
Horn of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...
region, the Security Council reinforced the sanctions regime on that country to prevent
mining
Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...
funds from contributing to its continued violations of those measures.
Adopting resolution 2023 (2011), under
Chapter VII of the Charter, by a vote of 13 in favour to none against, with 2 abstentions (
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
,
Russian Federation
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
), the Council demanded that
Eritrea
Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...
cease all direct or indirect efforts to destabilize States, and decided that States shall "undertake appropriate measures to promote the exercise of vigilance" in business dealings with
Eritrea's mining sector. To that end, it requested its Sanctions Committee concerning Somalia and Eritrea to draft, with the assistance of the Somalia/Eritrea Monitoring Group, due diligence guidelines for States' optional use.
The Council also condemned Eritrea's use of the "
diaspora tax" on the Eritrean
diaspora
A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of birth, place of origin. The word is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently resi ...
to destabilize the Horn of Africa region and to violate the sanctions regime, including by procuring arms and related materiel for transfer to armed opposition groups, and decided that Eritrea shall cease those practices. It further decided that Eritrea shall stop using extortion, threats of violence, fraud and other illicit means to collect taxes outside of Eritrea from its nationals or other individuals of Eritrean descent.
Security Council, by Vote of 13 in Favour, Adopts Resolution Reinforcing Sanctions Regime against Eritrea 'Calibrated' to Halt All Activities Destabilizing Region
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Voting
* Permanent members of the Security Council are in bold.
See also
*
References
External links
Full text of UNSCR 2023
{{UNSCR 2011
2023
December 2011
2011 in Africa