United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

Security Council Resolution 1990, adopted unanimously on June 27, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

and the

Comprehensive Peace Agreement The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA, ), also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was an accord signed on 9 January 2005, by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan. The CPA was meant to end the Second Sudane ...

, the Council established the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) in the disputed

Abyei The Abyei Area () is an area of on the border between South Sudan and Sudan that has been accorded "special administrative status" by the 2004 Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict (Abyei Protocol) in the Comprehensive Peace Agree ...

region between Sudan and

South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...

. The resolution was passed after a conflict between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and Sudanese army in the

South Kordofan South Kordofan ( ') is one of the 18 States of Sudan, wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,107,623 people (2018 est). Kaduqli is the capital of the state. It is centered on t ...

region, and in the run-up to the declaration of independence by South Sudan from the north. The resolution was drafted by the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

Resolution

Observations

The Security Council noted that, on June 20, 2011, there was an agreement between Sudanese government and SPLA/M over the administration and security of the Abyei region. It expressed concern about the situation in the region and the violence committed against the civilian population. Both parties were invited to pursue constructive negotiations on the status of Abyei, ensure the return of

internally displaced person An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the legal definitions of a refugee. I ...

s and facilitate humanitarian access.

Acts

The

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

n UNIFSA

peacekeeping Peacekeeping comprises activities, especially military ones, intended to create conditions that favor lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths, as well as reduces the risk of renewed w ...

mission was established for an initial period of six months. Ethiopian General

Tadesse Werede Tesfay Lieutenant General Tadesse Werede Tesfay (; born 13 July 1958) is an Ethiopian military officer and politician who is Commander-in Chief of the Tigray Defense Forces since 2021, and currently the chief administrator of the Tigray Region since 2 ...

was appointed first Head of Mission and Force Commander. The force would consist of 4,200 soldiers, 50 police and support personnel with the following mandate: * Monitor the

demilitarisation Demilitarisation or demilitarization may mean the reduction of state armed forces; it is the opposite of militarisation in many respects. For instance, the demilitarisation of Northern Ireland entailed the reduction of British security and milita ...

of the Abyei region; * Participate in regional organisations; * Contribute to

demining Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing land mines from an area. In military operations, the object is to rapidly clear a path through a minefield, and this is often done with devices such as mine plows and blast waves. By cont ...

activities; * Facilitate the delivery of

humanitarian aid Humanitarian aid is material and Humanitarian Logistics, logistic assistance, usually in the short-term, to people in need. Among the people in need are the homelessness, homeless, refugees, and victims of natural disasters, wars, and famines. Th ...

; * Support the capacity of the police service and protect oil installations. Under

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military a ...

, UNIFSA was authorised to take "necessary actions" in order to: * Protect UNISFA personnel, equipment and facilities; * Protect United Nations personnel, equipment and facilities; * Ensure the safety and

freedom of movement Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, ''Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights'' ...

of United Nations and humanitarian personnel; * Protect civilians in danger; * Protect Abyei against attacks from outside; * Ensure security in the region. The

Secretary-General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...

Ban Ki-moon Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations between 2007 and 2016. Prior to his appointment as secretary-general, Ban was the South Korean minister ...

was asked to conclude a

status of forces agreement A status of forces agreement (SOFA) is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing military forces in that country. SOFAs are often included, along with other types of military agreements, as part of a comprehensive security ...

with Sudan. Sudan and other states were requested to co-operate fully with UNIFSA and the Secretary-General had to provide a progress report including the monitoring of

human rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
{{UNSCR 2011 1990 2011 in South Sudan 2011 in Sudan 1990 1990 June 2011

Resolution

Observations

Acts

See also

References

External links