In
mathematics, a unit square is a
square
In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length a ...
whose sides have length . Often, ''the'' unit square refers specifically to the square in the
Cartesian plane with corners at the four points ), , , and .
Cartesian coordinates
In a
Cartesian coordinate system
A Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured ...
with coordinates , a unit square is defined as a
square
In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length a ...
consisting of the points where both and lie in a closed
unit interval
In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval , that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. It is often denoted ' (capital letter ). In addition to its role in real analys ...
from to .
That is, a unit square is the
Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets ''A'' and ''B'', denoted ''A''×''B'', is the set of all ordered pairs where ''a'' is in ''A'' and ''b'' is in ''B''. In terms of set-builder notation, that is
: A\ ...
, where denotes the closed unit interval.
Complex coordinates
The unit square can also be thought of as a subset of the
complex plane, the topological space formed by the
complex number
In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the for ...
s.
In this view, the four corners of the unit square are at the four complex numbers , , , and .
Rational distance problem
It is not known whether any point in the plane is a
rational distance from all four vertices of the unit square.
[.]
See also
*
Unit circle
In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle of unit radius—that is, a radius of 1. Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system in the Eucli ...
*
Unit cube
*
Unit sphere
In mathematics, a unit sphere is simply a sphere of radius one around a given center. More generally, it is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where different norms can be used as general notions of "distance". A u ...
References
External links
* {{mathworld , urlname = UnitSquare , title = Unit square
1 (number)
Types of quadrilaterals
Squares in number theory