''Umbrina'' is a genus of fish from the croaker family

Sciaenidae Sciaenidae is a family (biology), family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the Order (biology), order Acanthuriformes. They are commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family co ...

. The genus contains 17 species occurring in tropical and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Western Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific.

Taxonomy

''Umbrina'' was first proposed as a genus in 1817 by the French

zoologist Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one ...

Georges Cuvier as a

monospecific genus In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

with its only species being ''Sciaena cirrosa''. ''S. cirrosa'' had been described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

in the 10th edition of the ''

Systema Naturae ' (originally in Latin written ' with the Orthographic ligature, ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Sweden, Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the syste ...

'' published in 1758 and its type locality was given as the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic. Some workers have placed this genus in the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Sciaeninae. However, the 5th edition of ''

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' is a standard reference for the systematics of fishes. It was first written in 1976 by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011). Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of t ...

'' does not recognise tribes or subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Acanthuriformes Acanthuriformes is a large, diverse order of mostly marine ray-finned fishes, part of the Percomorpha clade. In the past, members of this clade were placed in the suborders Acanthuroidea and Percoidea of the order Perciformes, but this treatment ...

Etymology

The name of the genus, ''Umbrina'', is a diminutive of ''umbra'' meaning "shade", this was a name used by early naturalists for drums and croakers, in a similar way to ''scion'' or ''

Sciaena ''Sciaena'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy ''Sciaena'' was first proposed as a gen ...

''.

Species

Currently, 17 species are recognized in the genus: *'' Umbrina analis'' Günther, 1868 (Longspine drum) *'' Umbrina broussonnetii'' Cuvier, 1830 (Striped drum) *'' Umbrina bussingi'' López S., 1980 (Bussing's drum) *'' Umbrina canariensis'' Valenciennes, 1843 (Canary drum) *'' Umbrina canosai'' Berg, 1895 (Argentine croaker) *''

Umbrina cirrosa ''Umbrina cirrosa'', the shi drum, is a species of marine fish from the warmer waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It is a commercially important species which is trawled for and farmed in aquaculture, as w ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Shi drum) *'' Umbrina coroides'' Cuvier, 1830 (Sand drum) *'' Umbrina dorsalis'' Gill, 1862 (Longfin drum) *''

Umbrina galapagorum ''Umbrina'' is a genus of fish from the croaker family Sciaenidae. The genus contains 17 species occurring in tropical and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Western Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific. Taxonomy ''Umb ...

'' Steindachner, 1878 (Galápagos drum) *'' Umbrina imberbis'' Günther, 1873 *'' Umbrina milliae'' Miller, 1971 *'' Umbrina reedi'' Günther, 1880 *'' Umbrina roncador'' Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Yellowfin drum) *'' Umbrina ronchus'' Valenciennes, 1843 (Fusca drum) *'' Umbrina steindachneri'' Cadenat 1951 (Steindachner's drum) *'' Umbrina wintersteeni'' Walker & Radford, 1992 (Wintersteen drum) *'' Umbrina xanti'' Gill, 1862 (Polla drum)

Description

The species of the genus ''Umbrina'' are elongated, laterally compressed fishes with a rounded belly. The head is lower than the relatively high back. The mouth is small and set below the midline with a short, there is a short, stocky barbel on the chin with a pore at the end and two pores om wither side of the base. The eye is medium-sized and the diameter is a quarter of the length of the head. The teeth sit in two rows per jaw, of which the outer is larger in the upper jaw. The edge of the scales are finely serrated. The body is dark brown or silver-colored and has opaque stripes or vertical bars. The first dorsal fin is short and has ten thin hard rays. The second, long spine has 25 to 30 soft rays. The small anal fin has two hard and five to eight soft rays.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2478227 Sciaenidae Taxa named by Georges Cuvier Ray-finned fish genera