In
mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
, a
topological space
In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a Geometry, geometrical space in which Closeness (mathematics), closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric Distance (mathematics), distance. More specifically, a to ...
is said to be ultraconnected if no two nonempty
closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a Set (mathematics), set whose complement (set theory), complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its lim ...
s are
disjoint.
[PlanetMath] Equivalently, a space is ultraconnected if and only if the closures of two distinct points always have non trivial intersection. Hence, no
T1 space with more than one point is ultraconnected.
[Steen & Seebach, Sect. 4, pp. 29-30]
Properties
Every ultraconnected space
is
path-connected
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties t ...
(but not necessarily
arc connected
Arc may refer to:
Mathematics
* Arc (geometry), a segment of a differentiable curve
** Circular arc, a segment of a circle
* Arc (topology), a segment of a path
* Arc length, the distance between two points along a section of a curve
* Arc (pr ...
). If
and
are two points of
and
is a point in the intersection
, the function
defined by
if
,
and
if
, is a continuous path between
and
.
Every ultraconnected space is
normal,
limit point compact In mathematics, a topological space X is said to be limit point compactSteen & Seebach, p. 19 or weakly countably compact if every infinite subset of X has a limit point in X. This property generalizes a property of compact spaces. In a metric sp ...
, and
pseudocompact.
[
]
Examples
The following are examples of ultraconnected topological spaces.
* A set with the indiscrete topology In topology, a topological space with the trivial topology is one where the only open sets are the empty set and the entire space. Such spaces are commonly called indiscrete, anti-discrete, concrete or codiscrete. Intuitively, this has the conseque ...
.
* The Sierpiński space
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed.
It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński.
The ...
.
* A set with the excluded point topology In mathematics, the excluded point topology is a topological space, topology where exclusion of a particular point defines open set, openness. Formally, let ''X'' be any non-empty set and ''p'' ∈ ''X''. The collection
:T = \ \cup \
of subsets of ...
.
* The right order topology on the real line.[Steen & Seebach, example #50, p. 74]
See also
* Hyperconnected space
Notes
References
*
* Lynn Arthur Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr., ''Counterexamples in Topology
''Counterexamples in Topology'' (1970, 2nd ed. 1978) is a book on mathematics by topologists Lynn Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr.
In the process of working on problems like the metrization problem, topologists (including Steen and Seebach) ...
''. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1995. {{ISBN, 0-486-68735-X (Dover edition).
Properties of topological spaces