USS ''Cod'' (SS/AGSS/IXSS-224) is a , the only vessel of the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...

to be named for the

cod Cod (: cod) is the common name for the demersal fish genus ''Gadus'', belonging to the family (biology), family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gad ...

, an important and very popular food fish of the

North Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for ...

and Pacific cod, North Pacific oceans. She was ship naming and launching, launched on 21 March 1943, and ship commissioning, commissioned on 21 June 1943. ''Cod'' is now a National Historic Landmark, preserved as a museum ship and memorial permanently moored in Cleveland, Ohio, and is open to visitors daily from May to November.

Construction and commissioning

''Cod'' Keel laying, keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut, on 21 July 1942. The submarine's four main Cleveland Model 16-248 V16 engine, V16 diesel engines and one Cleveland Model 8-268 Auxiliary power unit, auxiliary diesel engine were built by Electro-Motive Diesel, General Motors Cleveland Diesel Engine Division on Cleveland's west side. She was Ceremonial ship launching, launched on 21 March 1943, sponsored by Mrs. G.M. Mahoney, and Ship commissioning, commissioned on 21 June 1943 with Commander (United States), Commander James C. Dempsey, USN in command. Commander Dempsey had already won fame by sinking the first Japanese destroyer lost in World War II while in command of the submarine .

World War II

On 30 August 1943, the American Type C1 ship, Type C1-B cargo ship SS ''Alcoa Patriot'' opened gunfire on ''Cod'' in the Caribbean Sea at , about north-northwest of Barranquilla, Colombia, and east of the northern entrance to the Panama Canal. Less than three hours later, ''Alcoa Patriot'' again sighted ''Cod'' and fired on her at , about northwest of Barranquilla and east of the northern entrance to the Panama Canal. ''Cod'' suffered no damage or casualties in either incident.

First patrol, October 1943 – January 1944

''Cod'' arrived in Brisbane, Australia, on 2 October 1943 to prepare for her first Patrolling, war patrol. She sailed from there 20 days later. Penetrating the South China Sea, she contacted few targets, and launched an attack only once, on 29 November, with unobserved results. She returned to Fremantle, Australia, to refit from 16 December 1943 to 11 January 1944.

Second patrol, February 1944 – March 1944

''Cod'' put to sea for her second war patrol in the South China Sea, off Java (island), Java, and off Halmahera. On 16 February, she surfaced to sink a sampan by gunfire, and on 23 February, torpedoed a Japanese cargo ship, merchantman. She sent another to the bottom on 27 February, ''Taisoku Maru'' (2,473 tons) and two days later attacked a third, only to be forced deep by a concentrated depth charge, depth charging delivered by a Japanese escort ship.

Third patrol, March 1944 – June 1944

Refitting at Fremantle again from 13 March – 6 April 1944, ''Cod'' sailed to the Sulu Sea and the South China Sea off Luzon for her third war patrol. On 10 May, she attacked a heavily escorted convoy of 32 ships and sank the destroyer Japanese destroyer Karukaya, ''Karukaya'' and cargo merchantman ''Shohei Maru'' (7,256 tons) before the escorts drove her down with depth charges. She returned to Fremantle to replenish on 1 June 1944.

Fourth patrol, July 1944 – August 1944

''Cod'' was put to sea again 3 July on her fourth war patrol. She ranged from the coast of Luzon to Java. She sank the converted net tender, ''Seiko Maru'' (708 tons) on 3 August, and a landing craft, ''LSV-129'', on 14 August, and, once more successful, she returned to Fremantle 25 August.

Fifth patrol, September 1944 – November 1944

''Cod'' put to sea on her fifth war patrol 18 September 1944, bound for Philippines, Philippine waters. She made her first contact, a cargo ship, ''Tatsushiro Maru'' (6,886 tons) on 5 October, and sank it. Two days later, she inflicted heavy damage on a tanker. Contacting a large convoy on 25 October, ''Cod'' launched several attacks without success. With all her torpedoes expended, she continued to shadow the convoy for another day to report its position. In November she took up a lifeguard station off Luzon, ready to rescue carrier pilots carrying out the series of air strikes on Japanese bases which paved the way for the Battle of Leyte later that month. ''Cod'' returned to Pearl Harbor Naval Base on 20 November 1944, and sailed on to a stateside overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, returning to Pearl Harbor on 7 March 1945.

Sixth patrol, March 1945 – May 1945

On 24 March she sailed from Pearl Harbor for the East China Sea on her sixth war patrol. Assigned primarily to lifeguard duty, she used her deck gun to sink a tugboat and its tow on 17 April, rescuing three survivors, and on 24 April launched an attack on a convoy which resulted in the most severe depth charging of her career. The next day, she sent the minesweeper (ship), minesweeper ''W-41'' to the bottom. On 26 April ''Cod'' was threatened by a fire in the aft torpedo room, but the ship's crew brought the fire under control and manually launched a torpedo already in its tube before the fire could detonate it. QM2c Lawrence E. Foley and S1c Andrew G. Johnson were washed overboard while freeing the torpedo room hatch. Foley was recovered the next morning, but Johnson drowned during the night. This was ''Cod'' only fatality during World War II.

Seventh patrol, May 1945 – June 1946

After refitting at Guam between 29 May and 26 June 1945, ''Cod'' put out for the Gulf of Siam and the coast of Indo-China on her seventh war patrol. On 9 and 10 July she went to the rescue of a grounded Royal Netherlands Navy, Dutch submarine, HNLMS O 19, ''O-19'', taking its crew on board and destroying the Dutch submarine when it could not be gotten off the reef. This was the only international submarine-to-submarine rescue in history. After returning the Dutch sailors to U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay, between 21 July and 1 August ''Cod'' made 20 gunfire attacks on the junks, motor sampans, and barges which were all that remained to supply the Japanese at Singapore. After inspecting each contact to rescue civilian crew, ''Cod'' sank it by gunfire and torpedoes, sending to the bottom a total of 23. On 1 August, an enemy plane Strafing, strafed ''Cod'', forcing her to dive, leaving one of her boarding parties behind. The men were rescued two days later by . When ''Cod'' returned to Fremantle 13 August 1945, the crew of ''O-19'' was waiting to throw a party for their rescuers. During that celebration, the two crews learned of the Japanese surrender. To symbolize that moment, another symbol was added to ''Cod'' battle flag: the name ''O-19'' under a martini glass. ''Cod'' sailed for home on 31 August. Arriving at Naval Submarine Base New London, on 3 November after a visit to Miami, Florida, ''Cod'' sailed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard for a overhaul, returning to New London, Connecticut where she was decommissioned and placed in reserve 22 June 1946.

Post-War service, June 1946 – June 1954

''Cod'' was United States Navy reserve fleets, mothballed in 1946, ''Cod'' was recommissioned in 1951 to participate in NATO anti-submarine training exercises. During the Cold War, ''Cod'' traveled to St. John's, Newfoundland, as well as Cuba and South America.

Great Lakes training vessel, June 1954 – December 1971

''Cod'' was decommissioned in 1954 and placed in reserve. In 1959 she was towed through the St. Lawrence Seaway to Cleveland, Ohio and was used as a training vessel. The ''Cod'' served as a training platform during the reservists' weekend drills. The ''Cod'' was reclassified first as an Auxiliary Submarine (AGSS-224) on 1 December 1962, and later as a Unclassified Miscellaneous Submarine (IXSS-224) on 30 June 1971. The ''Cod'' was in commission, but classed as "in commission in reserve". On 15 December 1971, the ''Cod'' was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register.

Awards and decorations

''Cod'' is credited with sinking more than 12 enemy vessels totaling more than 37,000 tons, and damaging another 36,000 tons of enemy shipping. All seven of her war patrols were considered successful and ''Cod'' was awarded seven Service star#Navy warships, battle stars for her service in World War II, ''Cod'' battleflag and conning tower both carry a cocktail glass above the name HNLMS O 19, ''O-19'' to commemorate the rescue and the party.

Museum ship

A group of Cleveland residents formed the Cleveland Coordinating Committee to Save ''Cod'', Inc., with the goal of preserving the ship as a memorial. On 25 January 1976, the

gave guardianship of the submarine to the group. ''Cod'' opened for public tours as a floating memorial on 1 May 1976. In 1986, the U.S. Department of the Interior designated ''Cod'' a National Historic Landmark. The memorial is open daily between May and November of each year. Today, ''Cod'' is the only World War II United States Navy museum submarine that has not had stairways and doors cut into her pressure hull for public access and is the only World War II Fleet submarine that is still intact and in her wartime configuration. Visitors to the ship use the same vertical ladders and hatches that were used by her crew. The ship's 5-inch deck gun, Torpedo Data Computer, Mark IV Torpedo Data Computer, SJ radar, SJ-5 radar, Sound-powered telephone, and all five diesel engines have been restored and are fully operable. Cleveland can claim partial credit as ''Cod'' birthplace, since the submarine's four main diesel engines, and one auxiliary diesel engine were built at the Electro-Motive Diesel, General Motors Cleveland Diesel Engine Division on Cleveland's west side. ''Cod'' acquired two Electro-Motive Diesel, General Motors Cleveland Model 16-248 V16 diesel engines that had originally been used aboard another World War II submarine, . The engines are held in reserve for parts for the restoration of ''Cod'' engines. The ''Cod'' operates an amateur radio station, W8COD, and participates in various Contesting, amateur radio contests and other events such as Field Day (amateur radio), Field Day. On 13 June 2021, ''Cod'' departed Cleveland under tow to Donjon Shipbuilding & Repair in Erie, Pennsylvania for dry docking to repair and renew her underwater hull. The last time the ''Cod'' was in dry dock for repairs was in 1963 in Lorain, Ohio. ''Cod'' was closed to tours for approximately 64 days for a dry dock maintenance program. The goal of the $1.1 million project, partially funded by a $395,050 grant from the Save America's Treasures grant program administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, is to conserve and restore the underwater hull of the submarine. ''Cod'' returned to Cleveland on 18 August 2021 to the 1201 North Marginal Road berth that she has occupied since her arrival in Cleveland in 1959. Cod return

On 21 June 2023, ''Cod'' celebrated its 80th anniversary of her commissioning during World War II.

Gallery

File:USS Cod, Control Room - 53056308667.jpg, Control Room File:USS Cod, Forward Torpedo Room - 53057383603.jpg, Forward Torpedo Room File:USS Cod, After Torpedo Room.jpg, Aft Torpedo Room File:USS Cod, Maneuvering Room.jpg, Maneuvering Room File:USS Cod, Officer's Ward Room - 53057083779.jpg, Officer's Ward Room File:USS COD - Joy of Museums 3.jpg, 5-inch deck gun File:USS Cod - 53056902096.jpg, ''Cod'' Builder Plate File:USS_Cod_-_53057280245.jpg, Cleveland Coordinating Committee for ''Cod'', Inc. Plaque

Appearances in popular culture

''Cod'' was subject of the television series ''The Silent Service'' and was the main plot for an episode titled ''The USS Cod's Lost Boarding Party'' which aired on 30 May 1958 on NBC. ''Cod'' was used for exterior and interior scenes for the Smithsonian Channel war documentary ''Hell Below (TV series), Hell Below'' to depict , and . Filming took place aboard the ''Cod'' in 2015. The documentary aired on 17 July 2016. ''Cod'' was the subject of a two-part documentary on the ''World of Warships'' YouTube channel titled ''Naval Legends: USS Cod.'' The documentary published on 2 and 4 July 2019. ''Cod'' was used for exterior and interior scenes for the Dolph Lundgren motion picture ''Operation Seawolf'' to depict World War II U-Boat, German U-Boats. The motion picture released on 7 October 2022.

References

Citations

Bibliography

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Hinman, Charles R., and Douglas E. Campbell. ''The Submarine Has No Friends: Friendly Fire Incidents Involving U.S. Submarines During World War II''. Syneca Research Group, Inc., 2019.
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