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U-70 (russian: У-70) is a proton
U-70 accelerator branch.
{{in lang, ru Particle accelerators Science and technology in the Soviet Union
U-70 (russian: У-70) is a proton synchrotron
A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path. The magnetic field which bends the particle beam into its closed p ...
with a final energy of 70 GeV GEV may refer to:
* ''G.E.V.'' (board game), a tabletop game by Steve Jackson Games
* Ashe County Airport, in North Carolina, United States
* Gällivare Lapland Airport, in Sweden
* Generalized extreme value distribution
* Gev Sella, Israeli-South ...
, built in 1967 at the Institute for High Energy Physics
State Research Center – Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) is a research organisation in Protvino (near Moscow, Moscow Oblast), Russia. It was established in 1963.
The institute is known for the particle accelerator U-70 synchrotr ...
in Protvino
Protvino (russian: Протвино́) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located about south of Moscow and west of Serpukhov, on the left bank of the Protva River. Population:
History
Construction of an urban-type settlement intended to hou ...
(near Serpukhov
Serpukhov ( rus, Серпухов, p=ˈsʲɛrpʊxəf) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers, south from Moscow ( from Moscow Ring Road) on the Moscow—Simferopol highway. The Moscow— Tu ...
, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
). The accelerator held the world record in beam energy at the time of its construction, and it still is the highest energy accelerator in Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
. In 1970, the U-70 scientists team was awarded the Lenin Prize for the development and commissioning of the synchrotron.
Description of the accelerator complex
The complex operates in pulsed mode. Protons are accelerated to 30 MeV by linear accelerator URAL-30. Then they are injected into the fast-cyclic booster synchrotron U-1.5 having 100-m perimeter, where protons are accelerated to 1.32 GeV. Then the protons are injected to the U-70. After this, an acceleration cycle takes place for 9 seconds, when protons are accelerated to the maximum energy of 76 GeV, and then, they are extracted from the ring to the secondary beams in the experimental halls. U-70 has perimeter about 1.5 km. Focusing structure type is FODO (strong focusing
In accelerator physics strong focusing or alternating-gradient focusing is the principle that, using sets of multiple electromagnets, it is possible to make a particle beam simultaneously converge in both directions perpendicular to the direction ...
). The total weight of the magnetic system of over 20 000 t.
The prior injection of U-70 was a 100 MeV
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating from rest through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum. ...
linear accelerator I-100 (until 1985).
A project for the UNK
Anthony Leonard Platt (born November 28, 1981) commonly known by his stage name Unk, is an American DJ, hype man, and rapper. Some of his work has featured on the 2K Sports
2K is an American video game publisher based in Novato, Californ ...
accelerator-storage complex, a proton-proton collider
A collider is a type of particle accelerator which brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.
Colliders are used as a research tool in particle ...
with an energy of 3 × 3 TeV
TEV may refer to:
* Transient Earth Voltage: a term for voltages appearing on the metal work of switchgear due to internal partial discharges
* TeV, or teraelectronvolt or trillion electron volt, a measure of energy
* Total Enterprise Value, a ...
, started in the mid 1980s. It was planned that U-70 becomes an injector for the collider ring, but the project was stopped because of the dissolution of the Soviet Union.Accident
In 1978,Anatoli Bugorski
Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (russian: Анатолий Петрович Бугорский, link=no; born 25 June 1942) is a retired Russian particle physicist. He is known for surviving a radiation accident in 1978, when a high-energy proton bea ...
stuck his head into the synchrotron to check a piece of malfunctioning equipment, when the safety mechanism failed and he got hit in the head with a proton beam. He reportedly saw "a flash brighter than a thousand suns", although no pain was reported. Though he ultimately survived he did receive lifelong injuries to the left side of his face and experienced irregular bouts of epileptic seizures.
See also
*Abram Alikhanov
Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (; russian: Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, born Alikhanian; 8 December 1970) was a Soviet Armenian experimental physicist who specialized in particle and nuclear physics. He was one of the Soviet Uni ...
* Quadrupole magnet
Quadrupole magnets, abbreviated as Q-magnets, consist of groups of four magnets laid out so that in the planar multipole expansion of the field, the dipole terms cancel and where the lowest significant terms in the field equations are quadrupole. ...
* Strong focusing
In accelerator physics strong focusing or alternating-gradient focusing is the principle that, using sets of multiple electromagnets, it is possible to make a particle beam simultaneously converge in both directions perpendicular to the direction ...
References
External links
U-70 accelerator branch.
{{in lang, ru Particle accelerators Science and technology in the Soviet Union