Tyrode's solution is a solution that is roughly

isotonic The term isotonic may refer to: *Isotonic (exercise physiology), a type of muscle contraction *Isotonic regression, a type of numerical analysis *Isotonic, one of three types of tonicity that characterize a solution's concentration; see Tonicity#I ...

with

interstitial fluid In cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Total body water in healthy adults is about 60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight; women and the obese typically have a l ...

and used in physiological experiments and tissue culture. It resembles

lactated Ringer's solution Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer’s, and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replacing fl ...

, but contains

magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic ...

, a sugar (usually

glucose Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula . Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, usi ...

) as an energy source and uses

bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate ( IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula . Bicarbonate serves a crucial bioch ...

and phosphate as a

buffer Buffer may refer to: Science * Buffer gas, an inert or nonflammable gas * Buffer solution, a solution used to prevent changes in pH * Buffering agent, the weak acid or base in a buffer solution * Lysis buffer, in cell biology * Metal ion buffer * ...

instead of

lactate Lactate may refer to: * Lactation, the secretion of milk from the mammary glands * Lactate, the conjugate base of lactic acid Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula . It is white in the solid state and it is miscible with ...

. Some variations also include

phosphate In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid . The phosphate or orthophosphate ion is derived from phosph ...

and

sulfate The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic ion, polyatomic anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salt (chemistry), ...

ions. It must be gassed with 95%

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as we ...

and N2, 5%

carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is t ...

when used for cell culture applications and physiology experiments in order to achieve an appropriate pH. With the addition of extra

potassium Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K (from Neo-Latin '' kalium'') and atomic number19. Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmosp ...

salt, it can be used to prepare a cardioplegic solution.

Development

Tyrode's solution was invented by Maurice Vejux Tyrode (1878–1930), an American pharmacologist. The solution was a modification of Ringer-Locke's solution.

Therapy

Tyrode's solution is often used for irrigation of the

peritoneum The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesot ...

. It was also recommended by at least one physician as a dietary supplement, because of its inorganic salt content, as part of a medically-prescribed weight loss diet (minus the sugar content).Llewellys F. Barker, "The Obesities -- Their Origins and Some of the Methods of Reducing Them." California and Western Medicine, August 1932; 37(2):78); print version of an "Address given under the auspices of the Scripps Metabolic Clinic at La Jolla, California, January 9, 1932.

Composition

References

*{{cite journal, author=Tyrode M., title=The Mode of Action of Some Purgative Salts, journal=Arch Intern Phamacodyn, volume=17, pages=205–209, year=1910 Cell culture reagents Intravenous fluids

Development

Therapy

Composition

See also

References