Tyrode's solution is a solution that is roughly
isotonic with
interstitial fluid
In cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the Cell (biology), cells of any multicellular organism. Body water, Total body water in healthy adults is about 50–60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight; women ...
and used in physiological experiments and tissue culture. It resembles
lactated Ringer's solution
Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replaci ...
, but contains
magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 ...
, a sugar (usually
glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula , which is often abbreviated as Glc. It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is mainly made by plants and most algae d ...
) as an energy source and uses
bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula .
Bicarbonate serves a crucial bioche ...
and phosphate as a
buffer
Buffer may refer to:
Science
* Buffer gas, an inert or nonflammable gas
* Buffer solution, a solution used to prevent changes in pH
* Lysis buffer, in cell biology
* Metal ion buffer
* Mineral redox buffer, in geology
Technology and engineeri ...
instead of
lactate. Some variations also include
phosphate
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus.
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthop ...
and
sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many ...
ions. It must be gassed with 95%
oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group (periodic table), group in the periodic table, a highly reactivity (chemistry), reactive nonmetal (chemistry), non ...
and N2, 5%
carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalent bond, covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at norma ...
when used for cell culture applications and physiology experiments in order to achieve an appropriate pH. With the addition of extra
potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol K (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number19. It is a silvery white metal that is soft enough to easily cut with a knife. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to ...
salt, it can be used to prepare a
cardioplegic solution.
Development
Tyrode's solution was invented by
Maurice Vejux Tyrode (1878–1930), an American pharmacologist. The solution was a modification of
Ringer-Locke's solution.
Therapy
Tyrode's solution is often used for irrigation of the
peritoneum
The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesotheli ...
. It was also recommended by at least one physician as a dietary supplement, because of its inorganic salt content, as part of a medically-prescribed weight loss diet (minus the sugar content).
[Llewellys F. Barker, "The Obesities -- Their Origins and Some of the Methods of Reducing Them." California and Western Medicine, August 1932; 37(2):78); print version of an "Address given under the auspices of the Scripps Metabolic Clinic at La Jolla, California, January 9, 1932.]
Composition
See also
*
Lactated Ringer's solution
Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replaci ...
References
*{{cite journal, author=Tyrode M., title=The Mode of Action of Some Purgative Salts, journal=Arch Intern Phamacodyn, volume=17, pages=205–209, year=1910
Cell culture reagents
Intravenous fluids