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Typhoon Wayne, known in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
as Super Typhoon Katring, was an intense
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
that brought significant flooding to the Philippines in July 1983. The typhoon originated from an area of disturbed weather that formed far from land towards the end of July. Late on July 22, Wayne developed gale-force winds while moving west. The next day, it was estimated to have become a typhoon, and Wayne subsequently entered a period of
rapid deepening Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
. During the morning hours of July 24, the typhoon was estimated to have reached its peak intensity of , but soon began to weaken due to interaction with land. By the time it moved ashore in southern
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
on July 25, Wayne had weakened considerably. After moving inland, Wayne weakened rapidly. The following day, Wayne was no longer a
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
. Typhoon Wayne became the second typhoon to strike the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
within nine days. Furthermore, 42 people lost their lives in flood waters while attempting to cross a temporary bridge. A total of 28 persons were hurt and 39 were rescued, and there were initially reports of up to 200 people missing. Although Wayne passed south of Taiwan, moderate flooding was reported due to rough seas. Elsewhere, in China, Wayne was the fifth most intense typhoon on record to impact
Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
between 1960 and 2005. Throughout China, 440 persons were injured, 105 people died, and 30,000 dwellings collapsed. Overall, 147 people were killed due to Typhoon Wayne.


Meteorological history

Typhoon Wayne originated from an elongated surface trough west of Truk. Initially, the trough was poorly organized, but after 1200 
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time, forming the basis for civil time and time zones. UTC facilitates international communica ...
on July 21, satellite imagery indicated an increase in the organization and convective activity of the system. Based on this, a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
(TCFA) was issued late on July 21 by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC). Early the next day,
Hurricane Hunters Hurricane hunters, typhoon hunters, or cyclone hunters are aircrews that fly into tropical cyclones to gather weather data. In the United States, the organizations that fly these missions are the United States Air Force Reserve's 53rd Weather ...
estimated that the system developed into a tropical depression, and the JTWC subsequently initialized warnings. Around this time, the
Japan Meteorological Agency The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) started monitoring the system. During the next 24 hours, Wayne began to intensify and was soon upgraded into a tropical storm by the JTWC. The JMA first classified the low as a tropical storm at 1800 UTC on July 22 while the system generally moved west. By early July 23, the JTWC upgraded the storm into a typhoon while the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm. Around this time, aircraft reconnaissance revealed an
eyewall The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
and a small inner core. Six hours later, the JMA upgraded Wayne to a typhoon. Later that day, the JMA announced that Wayne attained winds of . The storm continued to rapidly deepen, and within 24 hours, Typhoon Wayne had more than doubled in intensity according to the JTWC. Meanwhile, the cyclone moved westward along the southern periphery of the
subtropical ridge The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator. They are characterized by sunny skies, calm winds, and very little precipitation. They are also known as subtropical ridges or highs. It is a high-pressur ...
in a low
wind shear Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
environment. At 0600 UTC on July 24, the JTWC estimated that the storm attained peak intensity of , a Category 4 hurricane-equivalent on the United States Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS). According to the JTWC, Wayne was also a
super typhoon Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least —the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on th ...
. Early on July 24, the JMA reported that Typhoon Wayne attained peak intensity of (equivalent to a Category 3 on the SSHWS), which it maintained for 12 hours before weakening slightly. As Super Typhoon Wayne passed north of Luzon, the low-level
atmospheric circulation Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of Atmosphere of Earth, air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies fro ...
was disrupted north of the storm by the high terrain of Taiwan and thus Wayne weakened. Wayne then began a more northwestward track and made landfall approximately east of
Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...
. At the time of landfall on July 25, the JMA estimated winds of , equivalent to a mid-level Category 2 system on the SSHWS. Wayne struck the coast of China at typhoon strength according to JTWC, but rapidly dissipated as it moved inland over the mountainous terrain of southeastern China. By 0000 UTC on July 26, the JMA ceased monitoring Typhoon Wayne.


Impact and aftermath

Upon affecting the Philippines, Typhoon Wayne became the second system to strike Luzon in nine days after
Typhoon Vera Typhoon Vera, also known as the , was an exceptionally intense tropical cyclone that struck Japan in September 1959, becoming the strongest and deadliest typhoon on record to make landfall (meteorology), landfall on the country, as well as ...
. There, 42 people lost their lives including two children and 12 woman when they drowned in flood waters while trying to cross a damaged, but temporary bridge that was built after the
1981 Pacific typhoon season The 1981 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 29 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and two intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 1981, though most tropical cyclones typically tropical cyclogenesis, develop be ...
. The bridge was long and wide and was responsible for connecting Talisay and
Cebu Cebu ( ; ), officially the Province of Cebu (; ), is a province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets. The coastal zone of Cebu is identified as a ...
. Many of the deceased were swept downstream the Mananga River, which was situated below the bridge. Additionally, 28 people were injured and 39 were rescued. Initially, an estimated 100 to 200 people were listed as missing, many of which were believed to have drowned in floodwaters. Many motorists were stranded due to flooding. Despite veering south of
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
, Wayne generated high waves, which flooded farmland. A total of of banana crops were flooded. Typhoon Wayne was the fifth most intense tropical cyclone to impact
Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
between 1960 and 2005. Heavy rainfall led to severe flooding in Fujian and
Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
. Across China, 105 persons perished. In addition, 440 persons were injured and 30,000 dwellings collapsed. Although little damage was reported, winds of and gusts of were measured at Waglan Island. in Tai Po Kau, a slight
storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the ...
was measured, peaking at . Nearby, in Tatin's Carin, a peak rainfall total of was recorded.


See also

* Typhoon Ellen (1983) *
Typhoon Meranti Typhoon Meranti, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the List of most intense tropical cyclones, most intense tropical cyclones on record. Impacting the Batanes in the Philippines, Taiwan, as well as Fujian Provinces o ...
* Other storms named Wayne


Notes


References


External links


General Information
of Typhoon Wayne (8304) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track (Graphics)
of Typhoon Wayne (8304) {{DEFAULTSORT:Wayne (1983) Typhoons in China 1983 Pacific typhoon season Wayne