Typhoon Louise–Marge
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Typhoon Louise and Tropical Storm Marge, known in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
as Typhoon Ining and Tropical Storm Liling, respectively, were a pair of
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
s that impacted
Palau Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
and the Philippines in November 1964. Louise was one of the most destructive typhoons documented in the central Philippines. Tracking data from meteorological agencies disagree whether the systems were a single tropical cyclone or two distinct tropical cyclones that occurred in quick succession, named separately by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) as ''Louise'' and ''Marge'' (and by the
Philippine Weather Bureau The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Ph ...
as ''Ining'' and ''Liling''). The typhoon may have formed as early as November 14 in the vicinity of
Yap State Yap State ( or ) is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia, located in the westernmost portion of the country. The state borders Palau to the southwest, Guam to the north, and Chuuk State to the east. According to the state' ...
. It quickly strengthened and became a typhoon by November 16. Later that day, the storm passed south of
Palau Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
near
Angaur , or in Palauan, is an island and state in the Island country, island nation of Palau. History Angaur was traditionally divided among some eight clans. Traditional features within clan areas represent important symbols giving identity to fam ...
. Intensification continued, and Louise's winds later reached Category 5 intensity on the
Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) is a tropical cyclone intensity scale that classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical sto ...
at 7.3°N, closer to the equator than any other storm of such strength in the Northern Hemisphere on record. The storm's one-minute sustained winds topped out at before making landfall on
Surigao del Sur Surigao del Sur (Surigaonon language, Surigaonon: ''Probinsya nan Surigao del Sur''; ; ), officially the Province of Surigao del Sur, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Caraga Regions of the Philippines ...
on November 18. Agencies that consider Louise and Marge to be the same storm indicate that the typhoon weakened over the Philippines and tracked northwest before making a counterclockwise arc across
Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...
and the eastern
South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
. Agencies that consider them separate systems believe Louise dissipated after crossing the Philippines, with a separate Marge concurrently developing east of Luzon and taking the arced path. Dissipation of Marge occurred by November 26. Widespread devastation occurred in
Angaur , or in Palauan, is an island and state in the Island country, island nation of Palau. History Angaur was traditionally divided among some eight clans. Traditional features within clan areas represent important symbols giving identity to fam ...
and
Peleliu Peleliu (or Beliliou) is an island in the island nation of Palau. Peleliu, along with two small islands to its northeast, forms one of the sixteen states of Palau. The island is notable as the location of the Battle of Peleliu in World War II. ...
, two southern islands in Palau. In Peleliu, 97 percent of structures were destroyed. There was one death and four injuries caused by the typhoon in Palau, with total property and crop damage amounting to US$50,000–US$100,000. Louise moved across 13 Philippine provinces, with the most severe damage occurring in
Surigao del Norte Surigao del Norte ( Surigaonon: ''Probinsya nan Surigao del Norte''; ; Tagalog: ''Hilagang Surigao''), officially the Province of Surigao del Norte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region of Mindanao. The province was fo ...
where the damage amounted to around US$12.5 million. Enumerations of the death toll ranged between 576 and 631, with around 300,000 people left homeless. Property damage was high throughout the affected regions, with
Surigao City Surigao City, officially the City of Surigao ( Surigaonon: ''Siyudad nan Surigao''; ; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. It is the most populous in the province with a population of 171,107 peop ...
suffering the brunt of the typhoon. Philippine President
Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (; September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet and politician who served as the 9th President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the 5th Vice President of the Philippines, V ...
stated that he had never "seen a more comprehensive devastation of any one province" following an aerial survey of Surigao del Norte.


Meteorological history


Disagreements on classification

The classification of Typhoon Louise and Tropical Storm Marge as a single
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
or two distinct tropical cyclones is disputed among the datasets of meteorological agencies. The
China Meteorological Administration The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is the national weather service of the People's Republic of China. The institution is located in Beijing. History The agency was originally established in December 1949 as the Central Military Comm ...
(CMA) lists the system as a singular entity. However, the
Japan Meteorological Agency The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) and
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC)—of which the former manages the
Regional Specialized Meteorological Center A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as ...
for the western Pacific—analyze the system as two tropical cyclones that occurred in quick succession. The JTWC named these two systems separately as ''Louise'' followed by ''Marge''. The
Philippine Weather Bureau The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (, abbreviated as PAGASA , which means "hope" as in the Tagalog word ''pag-asa'') is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Ph ...
also distinctly named the storms ''Ining'' and ''Liling''.


Typhoon Louise

Louise originated from the interaction between a polar
trough Trough may refer to: In science * Trough (geology), a long depression less steep than a trench * Trough (meteorology), an elongated region of low atmospheric pressure * Trough (physics), the lowest point on a wave * Trough level (medicine), the l ...
and a westward-moving
tropical wave A tropical wave (also called easterly wave, tropical easterly wave, and African easterly wave), in and around the Atlantic Ocean, is a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which ...
. A vortex spawned from this interaction by November 12, accompanied by low
air pressure Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth. The Standard atmosphere (unit), standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as , whi ...
s. The system was first detected using
meteorological satellite A weather satellite or meteorological satellite is a type of Earth observation satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites are mainly of two types: polar orbiting (covering the entire Earth asyn ...
s, a venue for observation still in its infancy in the early 1960s. Data from the CMA suggest that the storm may have developed into a tropical cyclone as early as November 14, though the JMA and JTWC believed that the storm acquired such characteristics on November 15 while it was located approximately south of
Yap State Yap State ( or ) is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia, located in the westernmost portion of the country. The state borders Palau to the southwest, Guam to the north, and Chuuk State to the east. According to the state' ...
. The newly formed system developed quickly:
reconnaissance aircraft A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using Aerial photography, photography), signals ...
began probing the developing storm late on November 15, finding one-minute
maximum sustained wind The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
s of around . This suggested Louise had potentially reached typhoon intensity within a day of forming. Tracking west-northwest, the typhoon passed south of
Angaur , or in Palauan, is an island and state in the Island country, island nation of Palau. History Angaur was traditionally divided among some eight clans. Traditional features within clan areas represent important symbols giving identity to fam ...
on November 16, with its one-minute sustained winds reaching during the close passage according to the JTWC. Intensification continued, and Louise attained its peak intensity on November 18 with one-minute maximum sustained winds of according to the JTWC. The JMA estimated a minimum air pressure of 915 
hPa The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an S ...
(
mbar The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000  Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI). A pressure of 1 bar is slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea ...
; 27.02 
inHg Inch of mercury (inHg, ″Hg, or in) is a non- SI unit of measurement for pressure. It is used for barometric pressure in weather reports, refrigeration and aviation in the United States. It is the pressure exerted by a column of mercury in h ...
). This ranked Louise as one of the strongest typhoons in 1964. The typhoon was also located unusually close to the equator: at one point the storm had an intensity equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the
Saffir–Simpson scale The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) is a tropical cyclone intensity scale that classifies hurricanes—which in the Western Hemisphere are tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical sto ...
while located at 7.3°N, placing it closer to the equator than any other Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone of such intensity. On November 19, Louise made
landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water. More broadly, and in relation to human travel, it refers to 'the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air, or the fact ...
on the shores of Lanzua Bay in Surigao del Sur, Philippines. At the time, the JTWC estimated that the storm had one-minute sustained winds of . The typhoon then weakened as it crossed the
Visayas The Visayas ( ), or the Visayan Islands (Bisayan languages, Visayan: ''Kabisay-an'', ; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Kabisayaan'' ), are one of the three Island groups of the Philippines, principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, a ...
and fell below typhoon intensity on November 20. The fate of the storm after this point is disputed. According to the JTWC, the once powerful typhoon, named solely ''Louise'', crossed
Panay Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of and a total population of 4,542,926, as of 2020 census. Panay comprises 4.4 percent of the entire population of the country. The City of Il ...
and slowed until it was stationary near
Masbate Masbate, officially the Province of Masbate (Masbateño language, Masbateño: ''Probinsya san Masbate''; ), is an island Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located near the midsection of the nation's archipelago. Its provi ...
later on November 20, rapidly weakening into a tropical depression and later dissipating on November 21.


Tropical Storm Marge

As Louise dissipated, the JTWC tracked a newly developing tropical cyclone, named ''Marge'', that moved into
Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...
at
Dingalan Dingalan , officially the Municipality of Dingalan (; ), is a municipality in the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,878 people. Dingalan has several caves, of which the Lamao Caves are the ...
as a low-end
tropical storm A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its lo ...
. This system then emerged into the
South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, where it moved erratically over a small area and attained peak one-minute sustained winds of on November 22 before dissipating the next day. At the height of Marge's intensity, the storm possessed a large
eye An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system. In higher organisms, the ey ...
some in diameter. The JMA assessed Louise to have weakened after its encounter with the Philippines with dissipation in the South China Sea on November 21. The agency also monitored Tropical Storm Marge separately with a track beginning north of
Samar Samar ( ) is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas, which are in the central Philippines. The island is divided in ...
on November 20 and taking an arced and clockwise path through Luzon and southwards within the South China Sea until the Marge's dissipation on November 26. The CMA depicts Marge indistinguishably from Louise, with the storm taking a continuous path northwest through the Visayas and then curving west across Luzon before turning south in the South China Sea. Data from the agencies indicate this second phase of the storm's duration dissipated on or before November 26.


Impact and aftermath

The islands of
Palau Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific Ocean. The Republic of Palau consists of approximately 340 islands and is the western part of the Caroline Islands ...
—administered at the time as part of the
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. The Imperial Japanese South Seas Mandate had been seized by the U.S. during the Pacifi ...
—were affected by Louise between about 12:00 p.m. PWT on November 16 to 3:00 p.m. PWT November 17 (03:00 
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time, forming the basis for civil time and time zones. UTC facilitates international communica ...
November 16–06:00 UTC November 17). Angaur was within the storm's
eye An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system. In higher organisms, the ey ...
for 45 minutes. One-minute sustained winds were estimated at with gusts to as the typhoon passed. Thousands of people were rendered homeless by the typhoon in the islands. Louise's strong winds and
storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the ...
destroyed much of the crops and vegetation on Angaur and
Peleliu Peleliu (or Beliliou) is an island in the island nation of Palau. Peleliu, along with two small islands to its northeast, forms one of the sixteen states of Palau. The island is notable as the location of the Battle of Peleliu in World War II. ...
. Ninety percent of homes and much of the municipal and Trust government structures on Angaur were destroyed; a
LORAN LORAN (Long Range Navigation) was a hyperbolic navigation, hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II. It was similar to the UK's Gee (navigation), Gee system but operated at lower frequencies in order ...
station operated by the
United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and Admiralty law, law enforcement military branch, service branch of the armed forces of the United States. It is one of the country's eight Uniformed services ...
and a church were among the few structures left standing. The damage was more pervasive on Peleliu where 97 percent of structures were destroyed. Total destruction or severe damage befell 15 percent of government facilities and 30 percent of private residences in
Koror Koror is the state comprising the main commercial centre of the Republic of Palau. It consists of several islands, the most prominent being Koror Island (also ''Oreor Island''). It is Palau’s most populous state. History In the oral tradition of ...
. The loss of homes displaced 53 families in Angaur and 125 families in Peleliu. One fatality and four injuries were reported in total from Palau, with property and crop damage ranging from US$50,000–US$500,000.
Guam Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
initiated relief efforts shortly after the typhoon's passage of Palau, leading to a joint effort between the Guam government,
Commander Naval Forces Marianas The Commander Naval Forces Marianas, also known as COMNAVMARIANAS, is the Navy force shore commander responsible for United States Navy activities in Guam, Saipan, Tinian and the surrounding islands, and is an Rear Admiral. COMNAVMARIANAS is curr ...
, the
American Red Cross The American National Red Cross is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit Humanitarianism, humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. Clara Barton founded ...
, and the
United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and Admiralty law, law enforcement military branch, service branch of the armed forces of the United States. It is one of the country's eight Uniformed services ...
to deliver emergency supplies to the affected areas, including building materials, clothing, and vaccines. President
Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), also known as LBJ, was the 36th president of the United States, serving from 1963 to 1969. He became president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, under whom he had served a ...
authorized $250,000 in federal funding for emergency assistance to Angaur and Peleliu on December 10. A rehabilitation committee was later established to plan the reconstruction of Angaur and Peleliu. In its summary of 1964 typhoons published in the annual ''Climatological Data'' report, the
United States Weather Bureau The National Weather Service (NWS) is an Government agency, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weathe ...
wrote that Louise "was one of the most destructive storms to hit the central Philippines in years." The death toll reached at least 576 and was accompanied by numerous displaced, injured, or missing persons.
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency ...
reported that as many as 300,000 people were left homeless, while the Philippine government indicated that 286,870 people were left homeless and estimated that 157,000 families were affected by the storm. The
Philippine Red Cross The Philippine Red Cross (PRC; ; ) is a non-profit humanitarian organization and a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The PRC was established in 1947, with roots in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colon ...
enumerated 631 fatalities, 69 injured, 157 missing, and 376,235 displaced persons. The typhoon wrought widespread damage, valued in the millions in Philippine pesos, to crops and public infrastructure. Communications were undermined in the typhoon. Louise traversed at least thirteen Philippine provinces. Winds as high as battered the provinces of
Agusan Agusan may refer to the following: In geography * Agusan province, a former province in the Philippines, now divided between: ** Agusan del Norte ** Agusan del Sur * Legislative district of Agusan in the Philippines for the former province befo ...
,
Bohol Bohol (), officially the Province of Bohol (; ), is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas Regions of the Philippines, region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding islands. It is home to Bohola ...
,
Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has been ...
,
Surigao del Norte Surigao del Norte ( Surigaonon: ''Probinsya nan Surigao del Norte''; ; Tagalog: ''Hilagang Surigao''), officially the Province of Surigao del Norte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Caraga region of Mindanao. The province was fo ...
, and
Negros Island Negros (, , ) is the fourth largest and third most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of . The coastal zone of the southern part of Negros is identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral T ...
. Surigao del Norte was hardest hit among them; at least 100 people were killed and an estimated 100,000 people were displaced by the storm in the province. These casualty figures were reported by a local police commander and later the Philippine Constabulary. At least 312 deaths occurred in Surigao, Surigao del Norte, where damage was estimated by Governor Constantino Navarro at around US$12.5 million; a village in the city reported over 100 fatalities and the loss of all buildings.
Bacolod Bacolod, officially the City of Bacolod (; ; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Negros Island Region in the Philippines. With a total of 600,783 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, it is th ...
on Negros Island reported ten deaths and additional injuries. A
tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...
razed a chapel, killing the chapel minister and his family. A village leader in Negros Island gave of the following description of the destruction to a Philippine news service, as reported by
The Canadian Press The Canadian Press (CP; , ) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Press has been a privately-held company, pr ...
: Floods and landslides damaged several bridges and public buildings in Agusan Province. Twelve drownings were reported in
Occidental Mindoro Occidental Mindoro (), officially the Province of Occidental Mindoro ( or ''Lalawigan ng Occidental Mindoro''), is a province in the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. The province occupies the western half of the island of Mindoro. I ...
. Nine inter-island ships capsized during the storm. Five people were killed after their ship sank off of Surigao del Norte. Another ship bearing 55 passengers sank off Zamboanga; the drownings of 6 people were confirmed while another 32 were presumed as drowned. Forty-six people were rescued after a freighter and a
salvage tug A salvage tug, also known historically as a wrecking tug, is a specialized type of tugboat that is used to rescue ships that are in distress or in danger of sinking, or to salvage ships that have already sunk or run aground. Overview Few tugbo ...
were forced into a reef by the typhoon's winds off
Labuan Labuan (), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (), is an island federal territory of Malaysia. It includes and six smaller islands off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria, which is best kno ...
in
Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
. A
state of calamity A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state before, during, o ...
was declared for Surigao del Norte, accompanied by bans of hoarding and price speculation in the disaster zones. Colonel Godofredo Mendoza directed the deployment of all available
Philippine Constabulary The Philippine Constabulary (PC; , ''HPP''; ) was a gendarmerie-type military police force of the Philippines from 1901 to 1991, and the predecessor to the Philippine National Police. It was created by the Insular Government, American occupat ...
personnel in the province to assist in disaster relief. A government team was also mobilized to Surigao by President
Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (; September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet and politician who served as the 9th President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the 5th Vice President of the Philippines, V ...
, as well as members of the
Cabinet of the Philippines The Cabinet of the Philippines (, usually referred to as the Cabinet or Gabinete) consists of the heads of the largest part of the executive branch of the national government of the Philippines. Currently, it includes the secretaries of Executi ...
to survey the damage. Macapagal took part in an aerial survey of the damage in Surigao del Norte on November 25. Following the survey, Macapgal held an emergency meeting with the Cabinet and directed the issuance of loans to storm victims and to provide military and financial assistance to rebuilding the province; Macapgal commented that he had never "seen a more comprehensive devastation of any one province." Supplies and personnel were shipped to the disaster zone from Manila and other cities in the Philippines. The relief efforts of the Philippine Red Cross and Philippine Constabulary were directed not only to the typhoon's aftermath but to concurrent floods and an outbreak of
cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...
throughout the northern and central Philippines. The U.S. granted US$25,000 in relief aid to the Philippines. In June 1966, the
Congress of the Philippines The Congress of the Philippines () is the legislature of the national government of the Philippines. It is Bicameralism, bicameral, composed of an upper body, the Senate of the Philippines, Senate, and a lower body, the House of Representatives ...
authorized
The Philippine peso sign (₱) is the currency symbol used for the Philippine peso, the official currency of the Philippines. The symbol resembles a Latin script, Latin letter P with two horizontal strokes. It differs from the currency symbol u ...
3.4 million to be distributed annually through fiscal year 1969-70 for Surigao del Norte and its municipalities.


See also

*
Typhoon Kate (1970) Typhoon Kate, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Titang, was the second of two super typhoons to strike the Philippines within a week in October 1970, the first being Super Typhoon Joan. As a result, Kate produced heavy damage and over 6 ...
*
Typhoon Opal (1964) Typhoon Opal, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Naning, was an intense Category 5-equivalent typhoon in the extremely active 1964 Pacific typhoon season. Opal also had the largest wind circulation of any typhoon in 1964, with a total sp ...
*
Typhoon Ike Typhoon Ike, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nitang, was the second deadliest tropical cyclone in the 20th century in the Philippines. Ike originated from an area of disturbed weather southeast of Guam on August 21, 1984, and five days ...
*
Typhoon Mike Typhoon Mike, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ruping, of 1990 was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines since Typhoon Irma in 1981 and Typhoon Nina in 1987. Forming from an area of persistent convection over the Caroline Island ...
*
Typhoon Bopha Typhoon Bopha, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Pablo, was the strongest tropical cyclone on record to ever affect the Philippine island of Mindanao, making landfall as a Category 5 super typhoon with winds of . The twenty-fourth ...
- another typhoon that took a similar path and became the strongest typhoon to make landfall in the island of Mindanao. *
Typhoon Rai Typhoon Rai, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Odette, was a deadly and extremely destructive super typhoon, which was the second costliest typhoon in Philippine history behind Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Rai was a powerful rare tropical c ...
- the strongest typhoon to strike the Caraga Region since Louise, doing so as a Category 4 super typhoon.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Louise (1964) 1964 Pacific typhoon season Typhoons in the Philippines Typhoons in Palau