Typhoon Cora (1966)
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Typhoon Cora, also known as the 2nd Miyako-jima Typhoon ( 第2宮古島台風) in Japan, was a
typhoon A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least . This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, accounting for a ...
that hit the
Ryūkyū Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands ( Ōsumi, Tokara and Amami) and Okinawa Prefecture ( Daitō, Miyako, Y ...
in 1966.


Meteorological history

At 18:00
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on 28 August, a
tropical depression A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
formed just to the east of the
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. Although initially drifting southeast, the depression began curving to the southwest early the next day. During the late night of 29 August, it passed over the south tip of
Guam Guam ( ; ) is an island that is an Territories of the United States, organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagåtña, Guam, Hagåtña, and the most ...
and over the Cocos Lagoon. Early in the day on 30 August, the depression slowed its course and began a gentle turn to the west-northwest. By 00:00 UTC on 31 August, the depression attained
tropical storm A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its lo ...
intensity and started moving northwest. Steadily strengthening as it did so, Tropical Storm Cora attained typhoon intensity by 00:00 UTC on 1 September. At that time, Typhoon Cora began a period of
rapid deepening Rapid intensification (RI) is any process wherein a tropical cyclone strengthens very dramatically in a short period of time. Tropical cyclone forecasting agencies utilize differing thresholds for designating rapid intensification events, th ...
: its central pressure dropped in 24 hours, from . In the same period, between 00:00 UTC on 1–2 September, Typhoon Cora increased its maximum sustained wind speed from . Having intensified significantly, Typhoon Cora progressively decreased its forward speed and bent back to the west-northwest over the next 36 hours. During this period, Typhoon Cora attained peak winds equal to those of a minimal
Super Typhoon Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Tropical cyclone basins#Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least —the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on th ...
on the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
's classification scale. At 12:00 UTC on 3 September, it turned to the west and maintained its wind speed of for another 24 hours. On the night of 4 September, Typhoon Cora began yet another turn to the west-northwest and intensified into what is equivalent of a Category 5 super typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale; however, the classification did not exist until the scale was first devised in the 1970s and then used retroactively to rate past storms. Just before midnight UTC on 5 September, Typhoon Cora passed only southwest of Miyako-jima Island, its northern
eyewall The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
impacting the island for several hours. During this pass, the central pressure in Typhoon Cora dropped to , the lowest observed in its life span. However, Typhoon Cora did not reach its maximum wind speed of for another 12 hours, until 12:00 UTC on 5 September. After peaking at this intensity, Typhoon Cora continued moving west-northwest toward mainland China; around midnight UTC on 6 September, its eye passed southwest of the
Senkaku Islands The Senkaku Islands, known as the Diaoyu Islands in China and the Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan, are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan. They were historically known in the Western world as the Pinnacle ...
. Between 12:00 UTC on 5 September and 00:00 UTC on 6 September, Typhoon Cora briefly fluctuated in intensity, its winds alternating between ; however, it generally maintained its intensity and remained at Category 5 intensity for one more day, until 00:00 UTC on 7 September, after a total of 42 hours spent at that level. Sometime before 00:00 UTC on 7 September, Typhoon Cora made landfall on
Fujian Fujian is a provinces of China, province in East China, southeastern China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou and its largest prefe ...
, China, with estimated sustained winds of , making it one of only two Category 5 typhoons to make landfall in the People's Republic of China. After making landfall, Typhoon Cora quickly lost typhoon intensity and curved to the northeast. It passed near
Jinhua Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou, Zhejiang, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxin ...
,
Hangzhou Hangzhou, , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly romanized as Hangchow is a sub-provincial city in East China and the capital of Zhejiang province. With a population of 13 million, the municipality comprises ten districts, two counti ...
, and
Suzhou Suzhou is a major prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu province, China. As part of the Yangtze Delta megalopolis, it is a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce. Founded in 514 BC, Suzhou rapidly grew in size by the ...
; by the time it was nearest Suzhou, it was already a
remnant low Remnant or remnants may refer to: Religion * Remnant (Bible), a recurring theme in the Bible * Remnant (Seventh-day Adventist belief), the remnant theme in the Seventh-day Adventist Church * ''The Remnant'' (newspaper), a traditional Catholic n ...
. On 8 September, the remnant low turned to the northeast, over the
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, and approached the
Korean Peninsula Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel between North Korea (Dem ...
. Shortly after 06:00 UTC on 9 September, it struck
South Chungcheong Province South Chungcheong Province (), informally called Chungnam, is a Administrative divisions of South Korea, province of South Korea in the Hoseo region in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula. South Chungcheong borders the provinces of Gyeonggi to ...
in the
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. Dissipation took place inland, six hours later.


Preparations and impact

As the typhoon approached
Okinawa Island , officially , is the largest of the Okinawa Islands and the Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands of Japan in the Kyushu region. It is the smallest and least populated of the five Japanese archipelago, main islands of Japan. The island is ...
, flights to the island were cancelled for five days, stranding about 1,000 U.S. Marines in
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; , VNCH), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first garnered Diplomatic recognition, international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the ...
. The Marines were due to arrive on Okinawa, their
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, but instead were sent to a camp in
Da Nang Da Nang or DanangSee also Danang Dragons (, ) is the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population. It lies on the coast of the Western Pacific Ocean of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River, and is one of Vietnam's most important p ...
, part of
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ese territory in
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
. In the southern Ryukyu Islands, Typhoon Cora was considered the most destructive typhoon in at least 75 years. There, the powerful winds and waves of the storm destroyed 520 homes on the islands of
Miyako-jima is the largest and the most populous island among the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Miyako Island is administered as part of the City of Miyako Island, which includes not only Miyako Island, but also five other islands. Geogr ...
and Ishigaki. The worst damage occurred on Miyako-jima; the storm also damaged 1,400 homes, leaving 2,363 people homeless. The majority of these were wooden structures whose structures were compromised once their roof was torn off. Steel structures also sustained considerable damage while reinforced concrete buildings fared the best. On the island, a Japanese weather observatory recorded sustained winds of (), with a peak gust of (). The peak gust is still the official highest wind speed ever recorded in Japan. The lowest pressure on Miyako-jima island, , was recorded at 10:01 a.m. local time on 5 September. In all, of rain fell during Typhoon Cora. Additionally, up to five five-ton ships were destroyed and four others reported damaged. The powerful storm, while at peak intensity near Miyako-jima, also destroyed one of two radar bases there, and significant damage to crops was reported; later estimates indicated 70% of the
sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...
on the island was destroyed. Total losses on Miyako-jima and Ishigaki reached $30 million (1966 USD). Only five injuries were reported after Cora. Slowly moving by the southern Ryukyu Islands, Cora battered the region for more than 30 hours. The resulting effects rendered 6,000 residents homeless. The scale of damage varied across the island with Ueno-mura suffering the most extensive losses. Of the community's 821 homes, 90.1 percent was severely damaged or destroyed. A
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radar station was destroyed on the island. On nearby
Ishigaki Island , also known as ''Ishigakijima'', is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island. It is located approximately south-west of Okinawa Hontō. It is within t ...
, where wind gusts reached , 71 homes were destroyed while a further 139 were severely damaged. On nearby
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
(then called Formosa), Typhoon Cora produced strong winds along the north coast of the island. Peak winds in
Taipei , nickname = The City of Azaleas , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Taiwan#Asia#Pacific Ocean#Earth , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country ...
reached . Wind gusts up to caused notable damage in
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
, with 17 homes destroyed and 42 more damaged. A smaller island closer to the storm reported a peak gust of . Heavy rains were generally confined to northern areas of the island, peaking at . Three people were killed during Cora's passage while seventeen others sustained injury. Additionally, 5,000 persons were evacuated. Damage amounted to NT$4.2 million. Striking Fujian Province, China, on the heels of Typhoon Alice, Cora exacerbated damage in the region. Property damage was extreme with more than 21,000 homes destroyed and nearly 63,000 more damage. An estimated 265,000 people were severely affected by the storm. A total of 269 people perished during the storm while a further 2,918 were injured; 52 people were also listed missing. Tremendous flooding occurred as a result of the rains from Alice and Cora, damaging of crops which resulted in a loss of in food production. The JMA in Japan named the typhoon ''2nd Miyako-jima Typhoon.''


See also

* Typhoon Sarah (1959) – the JMA named it ''Miyakojima Typhoon'' * Typhoon Della (1968) – the JMA named it ''3rd'' ''Miyakojima Typhoon''


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cora (1966) History of Okinawa Prefecture Typhoons in Japan 1966 Pacific typhoon season Miyako Islands