Typhoon Cempaka
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Typhoon Cempaka was a moderately-strong and fairly long-lived
tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
that caused substantial damage in China and
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
toward the end of July 2021. The seventh named storm and the fourth typhoon of the
2021 Pacific typhoon season The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two tropical cyclone naming, named storms, and was the least active since 2011 Pacific typhoon season, 2011. Nine beca ...
, the storm formed from a tropical disturbance west of the Philippines on July 17. Around the same time, the JMA recognized the system as a tropical depression, with the JTWC issuing a TCFA for the disturbance. The storm slowly moved northwestward towards China, and on July 19, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name ''Cempaka'' by the JMA. On the next day, Cempaka reached its peak intensity, peaking as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon, before making landfall on China later that day. Afterward, Cempaka rapidly weakened as it moved inland, weakening into a tropical depression on July 21. The storm subsequently initiated a counterclockwise loop, moving westward across southern China, and turning southward and emerging into the
Gulf of Tonkin The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin ( northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern co ...
on July 23. Afterward, Cempaka turned eastward for the next few days, before dissipating over southern
Hainan Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
on July 26.


Meteorological history

At 18:00
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time, forming the basis for civil time and time zones. UTC facilitates international communica ...
on July 16, the
Japan Meteorological Agency The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
(JMA) started to monitor a tropical disturbance that formed in the
South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
, west of the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. Moving westward and later to the west-northwest, the system further intensified to a tropical depression and was designated as ''Invest 99W'' by the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South P ...
(JTWC) two hours later, with its development chances being "low". Located approximately to the south-southeast of
Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...
, multispectral satellite imagery on the disturbance revealed a broad
low-level circulation center The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of a tropical cyclone. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weath ...
with flaring convection (or thunderstorms) over the center. Analysis on the conditions in the South China Sea depicted a favorable environment for development, with warm
sea surface temperatures Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
up to and good radial
outflow Outflow may refer to: *Capital outflow, the capital leaving a particular economy *Bipolar outflow, in astronomy, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star * Outflow (hydrology), the discharge of a lake or other reservoir system *Outflow ...
, being inhibited by low to moderate amounts of
wind shear Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
. The system's tropical cyclone development potential was later upgraded to medium, and by 23:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a
Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
for the system as the system became more organized. By the next day, the JTWC had upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as ''10W'', since it had an improved convective structure and had developed a defined low level circulation. The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, as its low-level circulation center had organized more, with improved banding structure. At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and assigned the name ''Cempaka''. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC declared Cempaka to be a Category 1 typhoon, as it developed a wide ragged eye. The JMA later upgraded it to a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on the next day. In their post-storm analysis, the JMA determined that Cempaka attained typhoon intensity on the same day. The storm made landfall near
Yangjiang Yangjiang (), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Maoming to the west, Yunfu to the north, Jiangmen to the east, and loo ...
, on July 20, and subsequently rapidly weakened into a tropical depression on July 21. For the next few days, the system moved southwestward, crossed
Móng Cái Móng Cái (, /mong:gaai:si/) is a city in Quảng Ninh province in Northeast Vietnam. History Its name Móng Cái (硭街市, /mong:gaai/) originated from Cantonese language, meaning "the mong market". It generalized the situation of the popu ...
City, Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam on the night of July 22 and then moving into the
Gulf of Tonkin The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin ( northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern co ...
on July 23. Afterward, the storm turned eastward, and continued this motion for another few days. On July 26, Cempaka dissipated over the southern coast of
Hainan Hainan is an island provinces of China, province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally mean ...
.


Preparations and impact


China

In
Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...
, 105,000 people were evacuated as Cempaka approached the province. Local authorities ordered the shutdown of 57 coastal tourist destinations, called back 36,280 fishing vessels and asked 16,243 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore, according to the provincial emergency management department. The city of
Yangjiang Yangjiang (), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Maoming to the west, Yunfu to the north, Jiangmen to the east, and loo ...
implemented traffic controls on many roads and issued a red alert for rainstorms. It also called back 384 fishing vessels and asked 2,680 fish-farming workers to be evacuated ashore. Nearly 5,000 people in the city were evacuated to safety. In
Guangzhou Guangzhou, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Guangdong Provinces of China, province in South China, southern China. Located on the Pearl River about nor ...
, the Baiyun International Airport canceled 127 flights and delayed 19 outbound flights by 5:15 pm local time at Tuesday. In
Yangxi County Yangxi County () is a coastal county in the southwest of Guangdong Province, China, facing the South China Sea to the south. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yangjiang. The county has a total area of , and of coastlin ...
, the local transportation bureau dispatched 325 staff and law enforcement personnel, inspected 120 vehicles to carry out typhoon rescue, road clearance and traffic diversion, and cleared more than 80 roadblocks. A total of 20 houses were damaged, of which 7 were severely damaged and 13 were partially damaged, along with some road traffic facilities. In total, economic losses totaled $4.25 million in the county.


Hong Kong

The
Hong Kong Observatory The Hong Kong Observatory is a weather forecast agency of the government of Hong Kong. The Observatory forecasts the weather and issues warnings on weather-related hazards. It also monitors and makes assessments on radiation levels in Hong ...
(HKO) issued a Signal No. 1 alert on July 18, at 9:40 PM local time (01:40
UTC Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time, forming the basis for civil time and time zones. UTC facilitates international communica ...
), as Cempaka was located within 800 km away from Hong Kong. The following day, a Signal No. 3 alert was further issued by the observatory, at 4:10 PM local time (08:10 UTC). Amid a Signal No. 3 alert, a 60-year old hiker was found dead following hours of long search and was discovered to have been swept away by flooding after reaching Hero Falls, the police said.


Vietnam

2 people died, each respectively from
Vĩnh Long Vĩnh Long ɨn˨˩˦:lawŋ˧˧is a city and the capital of Vĩnh Long Province in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. Geography Vĩnh Long covers and has a population of 200,120 (as of 2018). The name was spelled 永 隆 ("eternal prosperity") in the form ...
and
Cà Mau Cà Mau () is a city in southern Vietnam. It is the capital of Cà Mau province, a province in the Mekong Delta region, in the southernmost part of Vietnam's inland territory (mainland). The city is characterised by its system of transport cana ...
, due to a house collapse. Furthermore, 137 houses collapsed and 125 roofs were removed. A
landslide Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides ...
was also reported on a river bank in Ngọc Hiển district. In
Thanh Hóa Thanh Hóa () is the capital of Thanh Hóa Province. The city is situated in the east of the province on the Ma River (Sông Mã), about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of capital Hanoi and 1560 kilometers (969 miles) north of Ho Chi Minh Cit ...
, the district experienced heavy rain due to the influence of Cempaka as a weakened tropical depression. Assessing the complicated flood situation, the district government evacuated 305 households and about 1,400 people to a safer place. Flooding caused some damage in Mường Lát. On the afternoon of July 23, floods passed through Quang Chieu commune, sweeping away a temporary bridge that connected Pung village to three hamlets, Suoi Tut and
Côn Đảo The Côn Đảo ("Côn Island") are an archipelago of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, in the Southeast region of Vietnam, and also a district () of this province. Geography Situated about from Vũng Tàu and from Ho Chi Minh City, the grou ...
villages, which made it difficult for nearly 180 households to travel. The government has sent people to guard, not allowing people and vehicles to pass. The city of
Lào Cai Lào Cai () is a city in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Lào Cai Province. The city borders Bảo Thắng District, Bát Xát District, Sa Pa and the city of Hekou Yao Autonomous County, in Yunnan province of southwe ...
experienced torrential rains, submerging many roads, streets and caused hundreds of households to be flooded.


Elsewhere

In the Philippines, the system enhanced the prevailing
southwest monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...
, together with In-fa (locally known as Fabian). As a result, heavy rainfall warnings were issued by the PAGASA for Metro Manila and several other provinces nearby. In
Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...
, the
Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau The Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG, ; ) is a department of the Macao Government. It provides weather forecasts and issues warnings on weather-related hazards. It also provides geophysical-related services to meet the needs of the pub ...
(SMG) hoisted a Signal No. 3 alert at 2:30 pm and remained in effect throughout the rest of the day. The managing director who oversees the
Xayaburi Dam The Xayaburi Dam is a run-of-river hydroelectric dam on the Lower Mekong River, approximately east of the town of Sainyabuli (Xayaburi) in northern Laos. Commercial operation of the dam started in October 2019. The main purpose of the dam is to ...
in
Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...
, which reflected the volumes discharge from the
Mekong River The Mekong or Mekong River ( , ) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's List of rivers by length, twelfth-longest river and List of longest rivers of Asia, the third-longest in Asia with an estimated l ...
that ran through the power plant, stated that the flow rate was 8,000 cubic metres per second, an increase from the average of 3,588 cubic meter per second during the period from July 1–24, with the rise being attributed to Cempaka.


See also

*
Weather of 2021 The following is a list of weather events that occurred in 2021. The year began with La Niña conditions. There were several natural disasters around the world from various types of weather, including blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat wave ...
*
Tropical cyclones in 2021 During 2021, tropical cyclones formed in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be assigned names by various weather agencies if they attain maximum sustained winds of . During the year, 136 ...
*
Tropical Storm Goni (2009) The 2009 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that spawned only 22 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. Despite this, it was a very deadly season, with the Philippines having experienced its deadliest season in decad ...
*
Tropical Storm Nida (2016) Severe Tropical Storm Nida, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Carina, was a tropical cyclone that struck Luzon, Philippines and Guangdong, China in late July and early August respectively. The fourth named storm of the annual t ...
*
Tropical Storm Higos (2020) Severe Tropical Storm Higos, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Helen, was a tropical storm that affected China and Vietnam around the same area as Nuri two months prior. Higos formed from a tropical disturbance north of Luzon, the P ...


Notes


References


External links


JMA General Information
of Severe Tropical Storm Cempaka (2107) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track Data
of Typhoon Cempaka (2107) (Date Released November 1)
JMA Best Track Data (Graphics)
of Typhoon Cempaka (2107)
JTWC Best Track Data
of Typhoon 10W (Cempaka)
10W.CEMPAKA
from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory {{DEFAULTSORT:Cempaka 2021 Pacific typhoon season Tropical cyclones in 2021 July 2021 in Asia Typhoons in China 2021 disasters in China