''Tylopilus peralbidus'' is a

bolete A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique cap. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. A similar pore surface i ...

fungus in the family

Boletaceae The Boletaceae are a Family (biology), family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenium, hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of Lamella (mycology), gills as are found ...

native to the eastern United States.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1936 by

Wally Snell Walter Henry "Doc" Snell (May 19, 1889 – July 23, 1980) was an American baseball player and coach, college athletics administrator, and mycologist. He played briefly as a catcher in Major League Baseball with the Boston Red Sox during the seas ...

and Henry Curtis Beardslee as a species of ''

Boletus ''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. ...

''.

William Alphonso Murrill William Alphonso Murrill (October 13, 1869 – December 25, 1957) was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Ga ...

transferred it to ''

Tylopilus ''Tylopilus'' is a genus of over 100 species of mycorrhizal bolete fungi separated from '' Boletus''. Its best known member is the bitter bolete (''Tylopilus felleus''), the only species found in Europe. More species are found in North America, ...

'' in 1938.

Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics). He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy". He fled to various countries d ...

described a variety ''Tylopilus peralbidus'' var. ''rhodoconius'' in 1945, but this was renamed as an independent species, '' Tylopilus rhodoconius'', in 1998.

Description

The

fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

have caps that are initially convex before flattening out in maturity (sometimes developing a central depression); they reach a diameter of . The cap surface is dry, smooth to slightly hairy, while the color ranges from white initially to tan to brownish in maturity. Brownish stains develop where the cap has been bruised. On the cap underside, the pores are initially whitish, but turn

buff Buff or BUFF may refer to: People * Buff (surname), a list of people * Buff (nickname), a list of people * Johnny Buff, ring name of American world champion boxer John Lisky (1888–1955) * Buff Bagwell, a ring name of American professional wr ...

to pinkish as the spores mature. The pores are circular to angular, numbering 1 to 3 per millimetre, and the tubes are deep. The stipe measures long by thick, and is either more or less equal in width throughout, or tapers slightly at either end. Its color is whitish to brownish. The

spore print 300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing warm orange ("tussock") color spore print. ...

is cream-buff. Spores are smooth, cylindrical to somewhat club-shaped, and measure 7–12 by 2.3–3.5

μm The micrometre (Commonwealth English as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System ...

. The flesh quickly stains dark grey to violet grey when a drop of

iron(II) sulfate Iron(II) sulfate or ferrous sulfate (British English: sulphate instead of sulfate) denotes a range of salts with the formula Fe SO4·''x''H2O. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate (''x'' = 7), but several values for ...

(FeSO₄) solution is applied;

potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula K OH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utili ...

(KOH) solution turns the flesh yellow to yellow-ochre.

Habitat and distribution

Fruit bodies of ''Tylopilus peralbidus'' grow singly to scattered on the ground under

oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

s, or occasionally with pine. Preferred habitats include shaded lawns and along roads. Found in the eastern United States, the bolete has been recorded from

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

south to

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

, west to

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

. It fruits from May to October.

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q15637242 peralbidus Fungi described in 1938 Fungi of the United States Fungi without expected TNC conservation status Fungus species

Taxonomy

Description

Habitat and distribution

See also

References

External links